詞匯導(dǎo)練
1．If your luggage is ____________，you’ll have to pay extra.
2．Aren’t you ____________of the bad deed you have done to that poor blind man?
3．He is a ____________as an artist，but a success as an art teacher.
4. You should ____________your doctor’s advice.
5．Mr.Smith had an accident last month.Fortunately，he is____________(恢復(fù)) now from the injury.
6．Smoking can be______________(有害的)to your health.
7．She may need an____________ (手術(shù))on her knee.
8．The boy felt____________ (窘迫的)in front of such a big crowd.
9．Take the medicine____________ (定期地)three times a day.
10．He came back from his holiday looking____________ (relax)．
1.overweight 2.ashamed 3.failure 4.follow 5.recovering 6.harmful 7.operation 8.embarrassed 9.regularly 10.relaxed
短語(yǔ)匯集
1．____________________ 保持健康
2．____________________ 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)很順利
3．____________________ 使．..高興/振作起來(lái)
4．____________________ 減肥
5．____________________ 對(duì)……感到羞恥
6．____________________ 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)角度看
7．____________________ 立刻
8．____________________ 節(jié)食
9．____________________ 秘密地
10．____________________ 冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
11．____________________ 體重增加
12．____________________ (頭發(fā)或牙齒)脫落
1.stay/keep healthy；keep fit 2.be okey with... 3.cheer...up 4.lose weight 5.be ashamed of 6.in the long term 7.in no time 8.go on diets 9.in secret 10.take a risk 11.put on weight 12.fall out
語(yǔ)句試譯
1．(回歸課本P41)Everyone wants to ________ ________ and ________ ________.
每個(gè)人都想感覺(jué)棒，氣色好
2．(回歸課本P43)We shouldn’t be ashamed of ________ ________ ________ ________.
我們不應(yīng)該為我們外在的樣子感到羞愧
3．(回歸課本P43)I think you look great ________ ________ ________.我覺(jué)得你目前這個(gè)樣子就很棒
4．(回歸課本P46)I really don’t know ________ ________ ________ ________.我真的不知道該選哪種運(yùn)動(dòng)．
5．(回歸課本P57)Is there________ a thing ________ being bigboned？有大骨架這樣的說(shuō)法嗎？
6．(回歸課本P58)Walking and riding your bike count，and ________ ________ ________ ________.
行走和騎自行車就算，在學(xué)校里進(jìn)行的體育活動(dòng)也算
1.feel good；look good 2.the way we look 3.as you are,4.which sport you choose 5.such；as 6.so do school sports
核心知識(shí)
1. stay v． 停留，保持
(回歸課本P41)You must get enough sleep to stay healthy.
你一定要有足夠的睡眠來(lái)保持身體健康。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P1974)We ended up staying for lunch.
我們最終還是留下來(lái)吃午飯。
②(牛津P1974)Can you stay behind after the others have gone and help me clear up?
你能不能等其他人走后留下來(lái)幫我收拾收拾？
③(牛津P1974)The store stays open until late on Thursdays.
這商店每星期四都會(huì)開(kāi)到很晚。
④(朗文P2014)He always liked staying at the carlton.
他總喜歡住在卡爾頓酒店。
易混辨析
stay，keep，remain
(1)表示“持續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)”用keep或stay；
(2)表示“仍然處于原來(lái)狀態(tài)不改變”用remain或stay；
(3)表示“使某人或某物保持某種狀態(tài)”時(shí)，只能用及物動(dòng)詞keep。
(4)表示“暫住、短期停留”時(shí)，只能用不及物動(dòng)詞stay。
(5)表示“殘留、剩下”時(shí)，只能用不及物動(dòng)詞remain。
(6)It remains to be seen...尚說(shuō)
sth.remains to be done某事有待去做
1．用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空：
(1)Let’s just________/________calm and try to figure out what to do.
答案：keep/stay
(2)It’s hard to________ the house clear with three kids.
答案：keep
(3)Sean ________ close to his kids after the divorce.
答案：remained
(4)It ________ to be seen whether the team will win.
答案：remains
(5)You’re welcome to ________ with us till you find a place of your own.
答案：stay
(6)Very little of the house ________ after the fire.
答案：remained
2. figure n．& v.
(回歸課本P42)Every woman wants a slim figure these days，especially here in Canada.
現(xiàn)在，每個(gè)女子都想擁有苗條的身材，尤其是在加拿大。
歸納拓展
figure in 把……列入計(jì)算
figure out 算出，解決；領(lǐng)會(huì)到
figure up 合計(jì)，計(jì)算
例句探源
①(朗文P758)I’m just figuring my expenses.
我正在計(jì)算我的開(kāi)支．
②(朗文P759)If I have a map，I can figure it out.
如果我有張地圖，我就能解決這事．
③(牛津P750)I can’t figure out how to do this.
我弄不懂怎樣做這件事．
④I saw a figure in the darkness.我看到暗處有一個(gè)人影。
⑤She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.
她每天早上鍛煉以保持體形。
⑥I bought a handkerchief printed interesting figures for my daughter.我為女兒買了一塊印有有趣的圖形的手帕。
⑦The stone figures in the temple look frightening.
寺廟里的石像看起來(lái)很嚇人。
2．The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to ________its reality.
A．make up B．figure out
C．look through D．put off
解析：選B。句意：現(xiàn)在的情況非常復(fù)雜，因此我想過(guò)一段時(shí)間我才能夠弄清楚它的實(shí)際情況。make up 編造；figure out弄清楚，弄明白；look through瀏覽，快速查看；put off 推遲。由句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。
3．(2010年山東濰坊統(tǒng)考)Sam couldn’t ________ how to print out the document until the teacher showed it to him.
A．go through B．figure out
C．come up D．get over
解析：選B。句意：老師告訴Sam 之后他才知道怎么打印這個(gè)文件。figure out弄明白，知道。
★4.(2010年福建廈門質(zhì)檢)However hard I tried to think about it，what he said didn’t really ________ to me
A．figure out B．make out
C．turn out D．get across
解析：選D。figure out“查明，弄清楚”；make out“填寫，聲稱，應(yīng)付”；turn out“結(jié)果是，原來(lái)是”；get across“使被理解，使被接受�！本湟猓簾o(wú)論我多么努力地思考，我都不能理解他說(shuō)的話。故選D。
3. since conj. 因?yàn)�，既�?/p>
(回歸課本P42)Since I’m preparing to act in a new TV play，I’m taking weightloss pills called FatLess，which are quite popular among young women here.
因?yàn)槲艺跒樵谝徊啃码娨晞±镅輵蜃鰷?zhǔn)備，所以我在用一種叫做“FatLess”的減肥藥，這種藥在我們這兒的年輕女士中很受歡迎。
歸納拓展
(1)since作連詞，可以引導(dǎo)以下兩種狀語(yǔ)從句：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，原因狀語(yǔ)從句
(2)since作prep.意為自從……以來(lái),【注意】 當(dāng)since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，用在“It is＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句”的句型中時(shí)，其句意取決于從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否可延續(xù)。,It is three years since the war broke out.,自戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)以來(lái)三年了。,It is three years since I smoked cigar(＝since I stopped a cigar).我不吸煙有三年了。
(3)since作副詞，意為“自那時(shí)以來(lái)，后來(lái)”
例句探源
①(朗文P1913)A lot has happened since we graduated from college.自從我們大學(xué)畢業(yè)以來(lái)，發(fā)生了很多事情。
②We thought that，since we were in the area，we’d stop by and see them.
我們想，既然到了這個(gè)地方，應(yīng)該順便去看看他們。
③He left home two weeks ago and we haven’t heard from him since.他兩周前離家外出，我們至今還沒(méi)有他的音訊。
④We’ve lived here since 1994.
自1994年以來(lái)我們一直住在這里。
⑤(2010年高考江西卷)Mother wanted to be a good provider，a role she has been shouldering since her marriage to Father.
媽媽想做一個(gè)好的(家庭)供應(yīng)者，一個(gè)自從和父親結(jié)婚以來(lái)就一直承擔(dān)的角色。
5．完成句子
(1)既然還沒(méi)有人答復(fù)，我們就可以認(rèn)為他們不感興趣了。
________ ________ ________ ________，we’ll assume they’re not interested.
答案：Since nobody’s replied yet
(2)自從那次事故后，我一直不能用右手。
Ever since the accident，I________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：haven’t been able to use my right hand
(3)啊，什么？你從什么時(shí)候負(fù)責(zé)起這里來(lái)了？
Oh，yeah？________ ________ are you in charge around here?
答案：Since when
英譯漢：
(4)How long is it since we last went to the theatre?
_______________________________________
答案：我們有多久沒(méi)去看電影了？
(5)It’s twenty years since I came here.
_________________________________________
答案：我二十年沒(méi)來(lái)過(guò)這兒了。
4. contain vt. 包括，容納；控制，克制(感情)
(回歸課本P42)They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.
那些藥里含有一種有害的化學(xué)成分，導(dǎo)致我的肝功能衰竭。
歸納拓展
(1)包含，容納；裝盛；含有
(2)克制，抑制(感情)
contain oneself克制自己
(3)container n.容器，貨柜
例句探源
①Little Johnny felt the bag，curious to know what it contained.
小約翰摸了摸那個(gè)包，想知道里面裝的是什么。
②The drink doesn’t contain any alcohol.
這種飲料不含任何酒精。
③(朗文P431)I found it more and more difficult to contain my anger.我發(fā)現(xiàn)越來(lái)越難控制自己的憤怒。
易混辨析
contain，include，hold
(1)contain通常用來(lái)指某種容器中盛有某物，裝有某物，還指某種物質(zhì)中含有某成分或含有其他物質(zhì)。指作為組成部分而被“包含”或“容納”在內(nèi)。
(2)include通常表示把某事物作為其中的一部分包含在內(nèi)。在句中常構(gòu)成分詞短語(yǔ)sth.included或including sth.。
(3)hold通常指有能力容納。
①The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.
②The plane can hold/contain about 300 passengers.
③This book contains forty interesting pictures.
④Five people were killed in the accident，two kids included.
6．Thousands of works of art，the most famous paintings ________，were missing during the war.
A．including B．included
C．containing D．contained
解析：選B。句意：上千件藝術(shù)作品，包括最著名的油畫，在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間都不見(jiàn)了。the most famous paintings和include構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用Med形式再根據(jù)本句是表示整體包括部分，故用include，所以B為正確選項(xiàng)。
7．(2011年安徽蚌埠高三測(cè)試題)He was worried，because he lost his bag________his passport，ID card and a lot of money.
A．included B．including
C．contained D．containing
解析：選D。contain“裝有”，與bag構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此用containing.句意：他很擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樗麃G了裝有護(hù)照、身份證和一大筆錢的包。
5. match n． 相配的人或物，配對(duì)物
vt.& vi. 匹配，相稱
(回歸課本P42)Then the doctor found that someone in your country，whose name is Li Dong，was an exact match for me.
后來(lái)醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)，在你們國(guó)家有一個(gè)名叫李冬的人，他的肝臟和我的幾乎匹配。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①Her shoes match her dress；they look very well together.
她的鞋子和裙子很相配；他們?cè)谝黄鸱浅：每础?/p>
②(朗文P1268)Nothing we have ever seen matches this moment.我們從未見(jiàn)過(guò)能與此刻相比的事。
③(牛津P1242)We are matched against last year’s champions in the first round.我們第一輪即遭遇了去年的冠軍。
④The runners were a good match and ran a very close race.
賽跑選手們棋逢對(duì)手，比賽非常激烈。
易混辨析
match，suit，fit
(1)match多指兩個(gè)物體大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配。
(2)suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、地位等，也可指顏色、款式等適合。
(3)fit多指大小、形狀合適，引申為“吻合”“協(xié)調(diào)”。
8．用match，suit或fit的正確形式填空：
(1)I’m afraid the style of the sweater doesn’t ________ you.
答案：suit
(2)This jacket ________ me well.
答案：fits
(3)The color of the shirt doesn’t ________ that of the tie.
答案：match
(4)If you want to go by bus，that ________ me fine.
答案：suits
(5)The trip failed to ________ up to our expectations.
答案：match
6. consider 考慮；認(rèn)為
(回歸課本P49)Now he is considering taking some pills，which he thinks will make him become stronger.
現(xiàn)在他正想著服用一些藥片，他認(rèn)為這會(huì)使他變得更強(qiáng)壯。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P421)We are considering buying a new car.
我們?cè)诳紤]買輛新車。
②(朗文P424)I consider New Mexico to be my home.
我把新墨西哥州看作我的家。
③They are considering where to go for a holiday.
他們正考慮去哪兒度假。
④The service was pretty bad，considering how much we paid.
考慮到我們所支付的費(fèi)用，這里的服務(wù)非常糟糕。
9．完成句子
(1)我們正在考慮如何提高我們的英語(yǔ)。
We are considering________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：how to improve our English
(2)我們正在考慮到加拿大去。
We are considering________ ________ ________.
答案：going to Canada
(3)他被認(rèn)為是發(fā)明這種機(jī)器的人。
He is considered________ ________ ________ this kind of machine.
答案：to have invented
(4)就他的年齡來(lái)說(shuō)，這小孩讀得挺好的。
________ ________ ________，the little boy reads very well.
答案：Considering his age
(5)她很會(huì)體諒別人。
She is ________ ________ ________.
答案：considerate to others
7. effect n． 效果，作用，影響
(回歸課本P49)However，they have side effects，which will damage your health.
然而，它們有副作用，這會(huì)損害你的健康。
歸納拓展
have an effect on 對(duì)……有作用，產(chǎn)生影響,go/come into effect 開(kāi)始生效,put/bring sth.into effect 使……生效；實(shí)行；實(shí)施,be of no effect 無(wú)效,take effect 生效，開(kāi)始實(shí)施；起作用,in effect實(shí)際上；(規(guī)則，法律等)在實(shí)施中，有效
例句探源
①(朗文P650)Seeing my father in such pain really had an effect on my mom.
看到父親如此痛苦，母親的確受到了影響。
②(牛津P640)New controls come into effect next month.
下月開(kāi)始實(shí)行新的管制措施．
③The new salary increases will take effect(＝begin) from January onwards.
新的加薪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將從1月份起正式實(shí)行。
易混辨析
effect，affect，influence
(1)effect通常用作名詞，常用于“have an effect on”結(jié)構(gòu)中。
(2)affect為動(dòng)詞，意為“影響”，通常指對(duì)身體，思想或情緒帶來(lái)不良影響。affect還有“感動(dòng)，觸動(dòng)”之意，相當(dāng)于move。
(3)influence表示“影響”，主要指對(duì)性格、行為、觀點(diǎn)等產(chǎn)生間接或潛移默化的影響。
10．用effect，affect或influence的正確形式填空：
(1)She was deeply ________by the news of her father’s death.
答案：affected
(2)The aspirins soon took________.
答案：effect
(3)Her parents no longer have any real ________over her.
答案：influence
11．完成句子
(1)這藥對(duì)他的病有什么效果嗎？
Did the medicine________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________？
答案：have any effect on his disease
(2)這些建議即將付諸實(shí)施。
The recommendations will soon________ ________ ________.
答案：come into effect
(3)新法令明日起生效。
The new law________ ________ ________ from tomorrow.
答案：will take effect
(4)一些舊法規(guī)仍然有效。
Some old laws are still________ ________.
答案：in effect
★12.(2009年高考上海卷)With the government’s aid，those________ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
A．a(chǎn)ffect B．a(chǎn)ffecting
C．a(chǎn)ffected D．were affected
解析：選C。句意：在政府的援助下，那些受到地震影響的人們已經(jīng)搬到新的定居點(diǎn)。用affect的過(guò)去分詞形式作主語(yǔ)those的后置定語(yǔ)，表示“受到地震影響的人們”。
8. recognize vt. 認(rèn)為；聽(tīng)出；公認(rèn)；賞識(shí)；承認(rèn)；認(rèn)識(shí)到
(回歸課本P51)You can hardly recognize him in the photo.
在照片里你幾乎認(rèn)不出他了。
歸納拓展
recognize one’s voice 聽(tīng)出某人的聲音,recognize sb./sth.as... 承認(rèn)是；公認(rèn)是；認(rèn)出是,recognize that... 承認(rèn)……
例句探源
①(牛津P1658)I recognized him as soon as he came in the room.他一進(jìn)屋我就認(rèn)出了他。
②(2010年高考遼寧卷)Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.
亞歷山大試圖讓自己的工作在醫(yī)學(xué)界得到認(rèn)可。
③(朗文P1705)They will one day be recognized as the best repertory theatre company in the country.
他們有一天會(huì)被公認(rèn)為這個(gè)國(guó)家最好的輪演劇目劇團(tuán)。
13．完成句子
(1)我從她的紅頭發(fā)認(rèn)出了她。
I________ ________ ________/________ her red hair.
答案：recognized her by/from
(2)湯姆被公認(rèn)為是全校最好的足球選手。
Tom________ ________ ________ the best footballer in the school.
答案：is recognized as
(3)他不承認(rèn)自己犯下了大錯(cuò)。
He didn’t ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：recognize that he had made a big mistake
9. count vt.&vi.& n 常見(jiàn)意義：
(2)n.計(jì)數(shù)；數(shù)出的數(shù)
(回歸課本P58)Walking and riding your bike count，and so do school sports.
步行和騎自行車都有用，學(xué)校里的體育活動(dòng)也有用。
歸納拓展
常用短語(yǔ)：count down倒計(jì)時(shí)
count for對(duì)……有價(jià)值，有利于
count in把……算在內(nèi)，考慮在內(nèi)
count on指望，依賴
count out不把……算在內(nèi)
countable adj.可數(shù)的
countless adj.數(shù)不清的
例句探源
①Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from；what counts is what they do with it.
學(xué)生會(huì)從哪兒弄到的錢無(wú)關(guān)緊要，重要的是他們?cè)鯓佑盟?/p>
②(朗文P458)Ms.Henderson said the final count may exceed 2,000.亨德森女士說(shuō)最終的總數(shù)可能超過(guò)2000。
③Knowledge without common sense counts for little.
光有學(xué)問(wèn)而無(wú)常識(shí)，則這種學(xué)問(wèn)無(wú)甚價(jià)值。
④Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
不要蛋尚未孵就先數(shù)小雞(不要打如意算盤)。
⑤(牛津P453)I’m counting on you to help me.
我就靠你幫我了。
14．完成句子
(1)我們把她看作交情最久的一個(gè)朋友。
We ________ her ________ one of our oldest friends.
答案：count；as
(2)不算小孩，我們邀請(qǐng)到了50人。
We have invited 50 people，
________________ the children.
答案：not counting
(3)這場(chǎng)比賽每一分都很重要。
Every point in this game________.
答案：counts
(4)我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你們?cè)诮M織下周去看比賽？把我也算上！
I hear you are organizing a trip to the game next week？________ me ________！
答案：Count，in
★15.(2010年吉林模擬)This is what you should keep in mind；never________a salary increase before you actually get it.
A．take on B．count on
C．wait on D．draw on
解析：選B。count on意為“依賴，指望”。
10. concentrate vt.& vi. 集中(注意力、思想等)；全神貫注
(回歸課本P58)Many teenagers are surprised to learn that when you exercise，your body produces some chemicals that make you feel relaxed and increase your ability to concentrate when you study.
許多青少年很驚訝地了解到，當(dāng)你鍛煉時(shí)，你的體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)，他們會(huì)使你感到輕松，當(dāng)你學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)還可增強(qiáng)你集中精力的能力。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P408)Turn off the TV，so you can concentrate on your homework.關(guān)掉電視，這樣你能集中精力做作業(yè)。
②(牛津P406)I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live.我決定全力以赴找個(gè)住的地方。
16．完成句子
(1)我把注意力集中于在生物學(xué)上取得更高的分?jǐn)?shù)。
I ________ ________a better grade in biology.
答案：concentrated on
(2)他全力以赴以按時(shí)完成該項(xiàng)工作。
He made a ________ effort ________________ the work on time.
答案：concentrated；to finish
17．一句多譯
他全神貫注地讀那本小說(shuō)。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：He is concentrating (his attention) on the novel .
He is focusing /fixing his attention on the novel.
He is absorbed in the novel.
He is applying himself to the novel.
He is lost in the novel.
11. amount n． 量，數(shù)量
v． 合計(jì)，等于，意味著
(回歸課本P58)A good amount of sleep every night is also important for your health.
每晚保證充分的睡眠對(duì)你的健康也是很重要的。
歸納拓展
(1)amount用作名詞，意為“數(shù)量、數(shù)額”，通常用于a(great，large，good，huge，fair) amount of 這類結(jié)構(gòu)，后接不可數(shù)名詞�！咀⒁狻俊 great amount of＋不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，但在great amounts of＋不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和amounts一致。
(2)作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“合計(jì)”、“等于”、“意味著”，通常是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后常接介詞to。
例句探源
①(牛津P62)We have had an enormous amount of help from people.我們得到了人們大力幫助。
②(朗文P62)Time lost to sick leave amounted to 1,357 working days.
因請(qǐng)假而損失的時(shí)間總計(jì)達(dá)1357個(gè)工作日。
③This amounts to cheating the teacher.
這等于是欺騙老師。
【溫馨提示】 “大量的”常見(jiàn)表達(dá)法
18．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
(1)A large amount of damage ________(be) done in a short time.
答案：was
(2)Large amounts of damage ________ (be) done in a short time.
答案：were
★19.The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took________ pictures of them.
A．many of B．masses of
C．the number of D．a(chǎn) large amount of
解析：選B。根據(jù)pictures是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，可排除D，a large amount of＋不可數(shù)名詞，A.many 直接修飾名詞，是不用介詞of的，再根據(jù)意義：“我們給他們拍了許多照片”，而C.the number of...意為“……的數(shù)量”，不符合題意，而B(niǎo).masses of后既可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，意為“許多，大量……”所以選B。
12. work out
(回歸課本P42)I used to go to the gym three times a week，but I don’t work out any more.
我以前也常去健身房，一周三次，可我現(xiàn)在不再鍛煉了。
歸納拓展
work的其他常用短語(yǔ)：
work on從事，致力于；繼續(xù)工作；對(duì)……起作用
work at從事(某活動(dòng)、研究等)
work for為……工作
work with與……共事，與……合作
out of work 失業(yè)
set to work 著手工作
at work 在工作；活動(dòng)著；在起作用
例句探源
①(牛津P2320)I work out regularly to keep fit.
我經(jīng)常做運(yùn)動(dòng)以保持健康。
②(朗文P2364)Have you worked out the schedule for next month？你做好下個(gè)月的日程安排了嗎？
③You can work out the answer by adding all the numbers.
你把所有的數(shù)加在一起就能算出答案了。
④How did his suggestion work out?
他的提議結(jié)果怎么樣？
⑤I can’t work Mary out，one day she’s friendly the next day she ignores me completely.我對(duì)瑪麗真是搞不明白，她忽而對(duì)我友好，忽而對(duì)我視同路人。
⑥The plan didn’t work out well.
計(jì)劃進(jìn)展得不太順利。
20．完成句子
(1)我們沒(méi)有那樣計(jì)劃展覽會(huì)但是它卻進(jìn)展很順利。
We didn’t plan our exhibition like that but it ________ ________ ________.
答案：worked out well
(2)我已計(jì)算出我的旅行費(fèi)用是2500元。
I’ve ________ ________ my travelling expenses at 2,500 yuan.
答案：worked out
(3)這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難，得用上一會(huì)才能解決。
The problem is very difficult.It will take you a while ________ ________ ________.
答案：to work out
(4)我弄不清這音樂(lè)是從哪里傳來(lái)的。
________ ________ ________ ________ where the music was coming from.
答案：I couldn’t work out
(5)將軍制訂出了新的進(jìn)攻方案。
The general ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ of attack.
答案：worked out a new plan
13. fall out (牙齒或頭發(fā))脫落；爭(zhēng)吵，鬧翻；(士兵)解散
(回歸課本P49)After taking this kind of pill for some time，your friend’s hair might fall out or he might have health problems.在服用這種藥片一段時(shí)間后，你朋友的頭發(fā)可能會(huì)脫落，他也可能出現(xiàn)健康問(wèn)題。
歸納拓展
fall into養(yǎng)成，染上
fall behind落后
fall asleep 入睡
fall in love with 愛(ài)上……
fall down 倒塌
fall over 被……絆倒
fall on/upon sb.突然降臨
例句探源
①(朗文P730)My dad’s hair fell out when he was only 30.
我爸爸才三十歲就掉頭發(fā)了。
②(朗文P730)Walker has recently fallen out with his publisher.
沃克最近與他的出版商起了糾紛。
③The house looked as if it was about to fall down.
房子看起來(lái)好像就要倒塌似的。
④I rushed for the door and fell over the cat in the hallway.
我沖向門口，在過(guò)道踢到一只貓而摔了一跤。
⑤The soldiers fell on the villagers and seized all their weapons.士兵們襲擊了村民，并繳獲了所有武器。
21．用適當(dāng)?shù)慕�、副詞填空：
(1)We can’t afford to fall ________ our competitors in using the new technology.
答案：behind
(2)She has fall ________ love ________ him at the first sight.
答案：in；with
(3)She often falls ________ with her husband.
答案：out
(4)He fell ________ a chair in the dark room.
答案：over
(5)The duty has fallen ________ me to announce that we will be going out of business at the end of the year.
答案：on
14. as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上；其實(shí)
(回歸課本P58)As a matter of fact，loss of sleep can make you look tired，and even cause you to put on weight.
事實(shí)上，睡眠不足會(huì)使你看起來(lái)疲倦，甚至導(dǎo)致你體重增加。
歸納拓展
(1)用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。
(2)用來(lái)引出與聽(tīng)話人期待相反的事實(shí)，意為：事實(shí)上，恰恰相反。
(3)as a matter of fact＝in (actual)fact＝in point of fact＝in reality＝in truth＝actually
例句探源
①(牛津P1245)It’s a nice place，we’ve stayed there ourselves，as a matter of fact.
那地方不錯(cuò)，其實(shí)，我們自己在那兒待過(guò)。
②-Do you mind my turning the television on?
我打開(kāi)電視你介意嗎？
-Yes，I do，as a matter of fact.
事實(shí)上我介意。
★22.-Do you know Anna’s telephone number?
-________.As a matter of fact，I don’t know any Anna，either.
A．I think so B．I’m afraid not
C．I hope so D．I’d rather not
解析：選B。根據(jù)As a matter of fact，I don’t know any Anna，either.可知回答時(shí)應(yīng)用否定形式，故排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；I’d rather not寧愿不……，不符合題意。句意：--您知道安娜的電話號(hào)碼嗎？--恐怕不知道。事實(shí)上我也不認(rèn)識(shí)什么安娜。
23．I would like a job which pays more，but ________ I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A．in other words B．on the other hand
C．for one thing D．a(chǎn)s a matter of fact
解析：選B。in other words換句話說(shuō)；on the other hand另一方面；for one thing 一則，常與for another thing連用；as a matter of fact＝in fact事實(shí)上。句意：我想要一份報(bào)酬高點(diǎn)兒的工作，而另一方面我又非常喜歡目前的工作。前后文是明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選B。
15. in no time 立刻，馬上
(回歸課本P58)If you follow the suggestions above，you will look and feel much better in no time at all.
如果你遵守以上建議，用不了多久你就會(huì)氣色好，感覺(jué)棒。
歸納拓展
in no time立刻，馬上(沒(méi)有否定意義，用于句首時(shí)句子不可倒裝)
at no time決不，任何時(shí)候都不(具有否定意義，用于句首時(shí)句子須用部分倒裝)
at times＝from time to time＝sometimes有時(shí)，偶爾
at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度
at a time每次，一次，逐一
for the time being 暫時(shí)
in time(for sth./to do sth.)來(lái)得及
all the time一直，始終
ahead of time 提前
on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)
at the same time 同時(shí)
例句探源
①(朗文P2162)The men promised them they could double their money in no time.
那些家伙向他們?cè)S諾可以馬上把價(jià)錢翻一倍。
②(牛津P2118)We finished fifteen minutes ahead of time.
我們提前15分鐘完成。
③At one time I used to go skiing every winter.
我曾經(jīng)每到冬季就去滑雪。
④She has to work at weekends from time to time.
她偶爾周末還得工作。
⑤We had to go and see the principal one at a time.
我們得逐一去見(jiàn)校長(zhǎng)。
24．用適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)填空：
(1)________ ________ ________ are you allowed to smoke.
答案：At no time
(2)I answered his questions ________ ________ ________ .
答案：in no time
(3)Please ask questions one ________ ________ ________.
答案：at a time
(4)I arrived ________ ________ to attend the opening ceremony.
答案：in/on time
(5)He was a teacher ________ ________ ________，but he is a sportsman now.
答案：at one time
(6)They don’t like to be late；they always come ________ ________ ________.
答案：ahead of time
16. take in
(回歸課本P58)If you take in the correct number of calories and exercise regularly，you will lose weight，keep fit，and feel great.如果你攝入適量的卡路里，并且經(jīng)常鍛煉，你就會(huì)減輕體重，保持健康狀態(tài)，而且感覺(jué)很棒。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P2100)I needed a minute to take in what Carter has told me.我需要一小會(huì)兒去領(lǐng)會(huì)卡特告訴我的那些話。
②(牛津P2059)Don’t be taken in by his charm-he’s ruthless.不要被他迷人的風(fēng)度所蒙蔽，其實(shí)他冷酷無(wú)情。
③How much did you take in at the garage sale?
你在那次車庫(kù)舊貨售賣活動(dòng)中掙了多少錢？
④When did this hotel schedule to take in guests?
這家旅館什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始接待客人？
25．(2010年高考四川卷)Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man ________ and left.
A．took up B．got up
C．shut up D．set up
解析：選B�？疾閯�(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。get up站起來(lái)。句意：很幸運(yùn)，詹妮找座位時(shí)，有個(gè)男的站起來(lái)離開(kāi)了。take up“拿起，撿起，占去(地方、時(shí)間、注意力等)，開(kāi)始從事(一項(xiàng)事業(yè)、一種職業(yè)等)”；shut up“關(guān)閉(門、窗等)，(使)住口”；set up“開(kāi)辦，裝配，建立”。
★26.(2009年高考浙江卷)Practising Chinese kung fu can not only ________ one’s strength，but also develop one’s character.
A．bring up B．take up
C．build up D．pull up
解析：選C。句意：“練中國(guó)功夫不僅能強(qiáng)身健體，還能陶冶情操�！眀uild up“增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，使更加強(qiáng)壯；創(chuàng)建，開(kāi)發(fā)”；bring up“撫育；培養(yǎng)”；take up占(時(shí)間，空間)，從事；pull up撥起，停下，C項(xiàng)符合題意。
★27.(2009年高考安徽卷)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all ________.
A．given away B．kept away
C．taken up D．used up
解析：選C。句意：我們想找一張七個(gè)人的桌子，但全被占了。give away泄露；贈(zèng)送；keep away 遠(yuǎn)離；take up“占據(jù)，從事”；use up“用光”，C符合題意。
28．用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕椤⒏痹~填空：
(1)He was homeless，so we took him ________.
答案：in
(2)The plane took ________ an hour late.
答案：off
(3)The new magazine has really taken ________.
答案：off
(4)She was taken ________ as a trainee.
答案：on
(5)His father took ________ the company in 1990.
答案：over
(6)She took ________ the story where Tim had left off.
答案：up
(7)They’ve taken ________ golf after retirement.
答案：up
(8)We take having an endless supply of clean water ________ granted.
答案：for
17. give up 放棄
(回歸課本P58)Often，teenagers give up on sport，saying they have no time left after their studies.
常常有這樣的情況，有些青少年干脆放棄體育鍛煉，聲稱學(xué)習(xí)繁忙，沒(méi)有時(shí)間進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。
歸納拓展
(1)give up“放棄”�？梢约拔镆部梢圆患拔铮瑐�(cè)重于“主動(dòng)地放棄”，后接代詞時(shí)，代詞必須置于up前。
(2)give up doing sth.放棄做……
(3)give的其他常用搭配
give in to向……投降/屈服/讓步
give up doing sth.放棄干某事
give away泄露，送掉，贈(zèng)送
give out 分配，分發(fā)；散發(fā)(熱、光等)；用完耗盡；(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)等)出故障
give off放出，散發(fā)(光，熱，氣味等)
give back歸還，恢復(fù) give way to...給……讓路
例句探源
①(牛津P861)She didn’t give up work when she had the baby.
她生了孩子后并未放棄工作。
②(牛津P861)I give up-tell me the answer.
我放棄了，把答案告訴我吧！
③I’ve given up smoking.我已經(jīng)戒煙了。
④If a person has not had enough sleep，his actions will give him away during the day.如果一個(gè)人沒(méi)有充足的睡眠，那么一天中他的行為舉止就會(huì)顯露出來(lái)。
⑤We will never give in to terrorist demands.
我們決不會(huì)對(duì)恐怖分子的要求作出讓步。
29．用give的短語(yǔ)完成句子：
(1)After a month their food supplies ________ ________.過(guò)了一個(gè)月，他們的食物貯備消耗殆盡。
答案：gave out
(2)Rotten eggs ________ ________ a bad smell.
變質(zhì)的雞蛋發(fā)出臭味。
答案：gave off
(3)Do not ________ ________ my secret.
不要泄露我的秘密。
答案：give away
(4)He ________ ________ most of his fortunes to the poor.他把大部分財(cái)產(chǎn)送給了窮人。
答案：gave away
(5)Bill kept asking his mother if he could go to the movies and she finally ________ ________/________ ________.
比爾不停地問(wèn)他媽媽他是否可以去看電影，她終于讓步了。
答案：gave in/gave way
(6)-Smoking is bad for your health.
抽煙有害健康。
-Yes，I know.But I simply can’t ________ ________ ________.
我知道，但我就是戒不掉。
答案：give it up
句型解析
1【教材原句】 We shouldn’t be ashamed of the way we look.(P43)我們不應(yīng)該為我們外在的樣子感到羞愧。
【句法分析】 the way，“方式”用作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，we look作the way的定語(yǔ)，表示某人做某事的方式，the way在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞被省略了。
歸納拓展
教授有一種特殊的方法可以使他的課生動(dòng)而有趣。
②The way(in which/that)we view learning and knowledge is also changing.
我們看待學(xué)習(xí)和知識(shí)的方式也在改變。
③I don’t like the way(in which/that)you laugh at her.
我不喜歡你嘲笑她的方式。
【溫馨提示】 以上in which/that后的定語(yǔ)從句中，way用作方式狀語(yǔ)，試比較：
④Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that/which will give the reader a strong impression.
一些詩(shī)歌講述一個(gè)故事或者以可以給讀者留下深刻印象的方式描述事物。(way在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ))
⑤The way(that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我們解釋的方法很簡(jiǎn)單。(way在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ))
30．完成句子
(1)他向我們解釋句子的方法并不難理解。
The way ________ ________/________
/________ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
答案：in which/that/不填
(2)這些學(xué)生看問(wèn)題的方法不對(duì)。
The way ________
________/________/________ these studens look at problems is wrong.
答案：in which/that/不填
(3)你認(rèn)為他剛才提到的方法怎么樣？
What do you think of the way ________/________/________ he spoke of just now?
答案：that/which/不填
★31.I don’t like the way ________ he congratulated us ________ getting married.
A．in which；on B．that；for
C．in that；on D．/；about
解析：選A。句意：我不喜歡他祝賀我們結(jié)婚的方式。congratulate sb.on(doing)sth.是固定詞組，意為“祝賀某人某事”；另外，he...married為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the way，the way在從句中用作方式狀語(yǔ)。
2【教材原句】 I think you look great as you are...(P43)
我認(rèn)為你這個(gè)樣子就很好……
【句法分析】 as you are“照你的現(xiàn)狀，照你的原樣”，as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“像，按照……的方式”，as＝in the way that。
①Every one of the students also put a finger in their mouths just as the teacher did.
就像老師那樣，每個(gè)學(xué)生也把一個(gè)手指放在他們嘴里。
②Do as you are told to，or you’ll be fired.
告訴你怎么做你就怎么做，否則你會(huì)被解雇。
歸納拓展
as it is照現(xiàn)在的樣子；照現(xiàn)在的情況看；實(shí)際上,as for至于；關(guān)于,as with正如……一樣,as is often the case with那對(duì)……是常有的事,as is known to all眾所周知
【溫馨提示】 (1)as it is作“實(shí)際上”講，常用在句首，作插入語(yǔ)，需用逗號(hào)將其和句子其他部分隔開(kāi)。as it was是它的過(guò)去式。(2)as it is用于句尾時(shí)，表示“照現(xiàn)在的樣子”“照原樣”。as they are是它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
③As it is，they need this.事實(shí)上，他們需要這個(gè)。
④Please leave the cup as it is.請(qǐng)把杯子照原樣擺放。
⑤Please state the things as they are.請(qǐng)如實(shí)陳述事實(shí)。
32．完成句子
(1)不必改變自己--你這樣就很好。
You don’t have to change yourself-you are fine just ________ ________ ________.
答案：as you are
(2)你最好順其自然。
You’d better leave it ________ ________ ________.
答案：as it is
★33.If I were rich，I should help them out.________，I can do nothing.
A．As is often the case B．As is it
C．As the case is often D．As it is
解析：選D。句意：如果我有錢的話，我會(huì)幫助他們。事實(shí)上，我無(wú)能為力。as it is＝in reality＝in fact(事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上)；as is often the case常用作定語(yǔ)從句，意為“那是常有的事”。
3【教材原句】 Is there such a thing as being big boned？(P57)
有大骨架這樣的說(shuō)法嗎？
【句法分析】 such...as諸如……的……，as短語(yǔ)用作a thing的定語(yǔ)。
(牛津P2018)There is no such thing as a free lunch.
世上沒(méi)有免費(fèi)午餐之類的好事。
歸納拓展
(1)such...as＋定語(yǔ)從句
①(朗文P2060)Such food as they gave us was warm and nutritious.他們給我們的那些食物是熱的，而且有營(yíng)養(yǎng)。
試比較：
②She is such a good teacher as we all respect.
她是一個(gè)我們都很尊敬的好老師。(定語(yǔ)從句，as替代teacher在從句中作respect的賓語(yǔ)。)
③She is such a good teacher that we all respect her.
她是一個(gè)非常好的老師，我們都很尊敬她。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，that只是引導(dǎo)詞，在從句中不作成份。)
(2)be such that/as到如此程度；如此……以至……
④Brown’s influence was such that he was never investigated.布朗的影響之大，以至于從未接受過(guò)調(diào)查。(that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)
⑤The power of the explosion was such as no one had ever seen.爆炸的威力如此巨大，以至于未曾有人見(jiàn)識(shí)過(guò)。(as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)
⑥His kindness was such as to make us all love him.
＝He was so kind as to make us all love him.
他那么厚道，以至于我們大家都喜歡他。(as to后接不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
(3)such as“像，諸如”用于列舉
試比較：
⑦(朗文P2060)Cartoon characters such as Mickey Mouse and Snoopy are still popular with youngsters.
＝Cartoon characters，for example，Mickey Mouse and Snoopy are still popular with youngsters.
卡通人物，如米老鼠和史努比，在兒童中仍很受歡迎。(such as后不用逗號(hào)，for example用作插入語(yǔ)，須用逗號(hào)將其和句子的其他部分隔開(kāi)。)
34．完成句子
(1)Such advice ________ he was given has proved almost worthless.
答案：as
(2)The damage was such ________ it would cost thousands to repair.
答案：that
(3)Languages，________ ________ English and French，are not difficult to learn.
答案：such as
★35.My English teacher’s humor was ________ make every student burst into laughter.
A．so as to B．such as to
C．such that D．so that
解析：選B。句意：我英語(yǔ)老師非常幽默，總會(huì)使每個(gè)學(xué)生開(kāi)懷大笑。such用作全句的表語(yǔ)；as to make every student burst into laughter為不定式短語(yǔ)，用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，本句相當(dāng)于My English teacher was so humorous as to make every student burst into laughter.
4【教材原句】 Walking and riding your bike count，and so do school sports.(P58)
行走和騎自行車就算，在學(xué)校里進(jìn)行的體育活動(dòng)也算。
【句法分析】 walking and riding your bike為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)在句中作主語(yǔ)。so do school sports相當(dāng)于school sports count too。其中do為助動(dòng)詞。其所用句式為：“so＋助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be＋主語(yǔ)”，表示上述肯定情況同樣也適用于后者，意為“某某也是如此”。
若上句是一個(gè)否定句，則下句不能用so，而用neither或nor，表示后者“也同樣不……”，也可用“主語(yǔ)＋否定句，either”。
①M(fèi)y father enjoys watching TV，and so does my mother.
我父親喜歡看電視，我母親也喜歡看。
②Lily can’t play tableMtennis.Neither can I.
莉莉不會(huì)打乒乓球，我也不會(huì)。
③He has made up his mind to continue with his studies.So have I．他決定繼續(xù)自己的學(xué)業(yè)，我也是。
④-It is cold today.
今天天很冷。
-So was it yesterday.
昨天也是。
歸納拓展
(1)so＋主語(yǔ)＋助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be
該句式表示贊同，意思是“正是這樣；的確如此”，含有certainly或indeed之意，并帶有感情色彩，常用來(lái)肯定或確認(rèn)上文提到的情況。注意這一結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)與上文提到的主語(yǔ)是同一人或物。
⑤-It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。
-So it was.的確如此。
⑥-He came to China last year.他去年來(lái)過(guò)中國(guó)。
-So he did.的確如此。
(2)“主語(yǔ)＋be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋so”結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)做了前文所說(shuō)的事情。
⑦M(jìn)other asked me to finish the homework first and I did so.
媽媽要求我先完成作業(yè)，我就按照媽媽的要求做了。
(3)so it is/was with sb.＝it is/was the same with sb.此句式也表示后者與前者處于相同的情況，當(dāng)前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞難以選擇時(shí)，用此句型。
⑧He likes sports but doesn’t like music，so it is with me./it’s the same with me.
他喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)不喜歡音樂(lè)，我也一樣。
⑨He is a doctor and doesn’t like meat.So it is with her./It is the same with her.
他是一名醫(yī)生，不喜歡吃肉，她也是這樣。
36．完成句子
(1)如果你不去，我也不去。
If you don’t go，________/________________ ________.
答案：neither/nor will I
(2)醫(yī)生囑咐我這藥一天吃三次，我這樣做了。
The doctor told me to take the medicine three times a day and ________ ________ ________.
答案：I did so
(3)戴維最近取得了很大的進(jìn)步。
-David has made great progress recently.
他的確是取得了很大的進(jìn)步，你也取得了很大的進(jìn)步。
-________ ________ ________，and so have you.
答案：So he has
(4)他善長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)，能夠說(shuō)一口流利的英語(yǔ)，瑪麗也是如此。
He is good at English and can speak it fluently.________ ________ ________ ________ Mary.
答案：So it is with
★37.(2010年株洲調(diào)研測(cè)試)-You forgot your purse when you went out.
-Good heavens，________.
A．so did I B．so I did
C．I did so D．I so did
解析：選B。句意：--你出去時(shí)忘了帶錢包了。--天啊，我真地忘了。so I did我真地忘了。表示對(duì)上文提到的情況的肯定和確認(rèn)。
★38.(2010年云南玉溪一中期中考試)-You should have recited the text yesterday.
-________.But I forgot all when asked to recite in front of many students.
A．So I should B．So should I
C．So did I D．So I did
解析：選D。當(dāng)一種肯定情況也適用于另外一個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，so置于句首倒裝，即構(gòu)成“so＋系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”這個(gè)句式，表示“……也這樣”；當(dāng)前后說(shuō)的是同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用“so＋主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”這個(gè)句式，表示“……確實(shí)是這樣”。由答句句意可知，這里說(shuō)的意思是：我確實(shí)這樣做了(我昨天背課文了)，但是當(dāng)著許多學(xué)生的面背誦時(shí)，我什么都忘記了。由此可知，答案是D。
語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)
并列句
◆什么是并列句
并列句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成，這些簡(jiǎn)單句通過(guò)并列連詞或表并列關(guān)系的副詞連接，有時(shí)也可以用分號(hào)連接，它們?cè)谡麄�(gè)句子中的地位是平等的，沒(méi)有主從之分，互不依從。
◆主要并列關(guān)系
并列句一般由三種方式連接而成，連詞、連接副詞和分號(hào)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，只有當(dāng)兩個(gè)分句之間的關(guān)系比較明確時(shí)，才會(huì)只用分號(hào)(不用連詞)連接，而大多數(shù)情況下都需要使用并列連詞或副詞進(jìn)行連接。因此，要正確地表達(dá)出句子之間的并列關(guān)系，就必須熟悉并掌握英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的表示各種并列關(guān)系的連詞和副詞。
英語(yǔ)中主要的并列關(guān)系及常用連詞或副詞參見(jiàn)下表：
關(guān)系 常用并列連詞或副詞
并列 and，as well as，both...and，not only...but(also)，neither...nor
轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?but，however，whereas，while，yet，still，instead，nevertheless，notwithstanding，on the other hand，not...but，rather than，in contrast，on the contrary
選擇 or，nor，or else，otherwise，either...or
遞進(jìn) besides，also，even，moreover，likewise，furthermore，what’s more，in addition
因果 for，thus，so，therefore，hence，consequently，accordingly，as a result
時(shí)間 then，meanwhile，subsequently，afterward，later
解釋 that is(to say)，in other words
【佳句選粹】
①We must make great efforts to catch up with others，or we will fall behind the others forever.(選擇關(guān)系)
②She wanted to go to the cinema，but her parents told her not to.(表轉(zhuǎn)折)
【分析】 以上兩句均屬于并列句。第①句由or連接，兩個(gè)并列分句之間是選擇關(guān)系；第②句由but連接，兩個(gè)并列分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
【佳句選粹】
①Either you improve your work or I shall dismiss you.(選擇關(guān)系)
②Not only did he speak more correctly，but also he spoke more easily.(并列關(guān)系)
【分析】 以上兩句均屬于并列句。第①句由either...or...連接，兩個(gè)并列分句之間是選擇關(guān)系；第②句由not only...but also...連接，兩個(gè)并列分句之間是并列關(guān)系。
【佳句選粹】
1．There was no news；nevertheless she went on hoping.(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)
2．He never went again，nor did he write to apologize.(并列關(guān)系)
【分析】 有些副詞也起連詞作用，可幫助構(gòu)成并列句，第①句由nevertheless連接，兩個(gè)并列分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；第②句由nor連接，兩個(gè)并列分句之間是并列關(guān)系。