詞匯導(dǎo)練
1．You did me a favor I expressed my thanks to you ____________(真誠地)．
2．It was his own ____________(過錯)that he failed in the examination.
3．A ____________ (有價值的)collection of painting is on show.
4. A good ____________(關(guān)系)between parents may have a good effect on their children.
5．We are quite surprised at that man’s strange ____________(舉止)．
6．You may ____________ him.He’s always telling the truth.
7．He will be ____________ for speedy driving one day.
8．It’s harmful to smoke，especially for the ____________ who are still growing.
9．“What a ____________！”she said，surveying the scene after the party.
10．The visitors are ____________ to touch the exhibits and take photos in the museum.
11．The school gives students ____________ (free)of choice about what to wear.
12．I expected an ____________(explain) and an apology.
1.sincerely 2.fault 3.valuable 4.relationship 5.behaviour 6.trust 7.punished 8.teenagers 9.mess 10.forbidden 11.freedom 12.explanation
短語匯集
1．____________________ 開大(音量)
2．____________________ 迫不及待做……
3．____________________ (燈)熄滅
4．____________________ 對……要求嚴(yán)格
5．____________________ 不睡覺，熬夜
6．____________________ 畢竟
7．____________________ 混淆，攪勻
8．____________________ 目前，當(dāng)前
9．____________________ 處理，處置
10．____________________ 發(fā)瘋似地，瘋狂地
1.turn up 2.can’t wait to do 3.go out 4.be hard on 5.stay up 6.after all 7.mix up 8.at present 9.do with 10.like crazy
語句試譯
1．(回歸課本P22)The room is a mess，________ pizza boxes ________ ________ ________ and dirty dishes ________ ________ ________.
房間一團(tuán)糟，比薩盒子扔在地板上，臟兮兮的盤子堆在洗碗池里。
2．(回歸課本P23)．..，but ________ ________ he has been so rude to us，I feel like we have to punish him ________ he won’t respect us.
……，但是由于他對我們?nèi)绱藷o理，我認(rèn)為我們得懲罰一下他，否則他就不會尊重我們。
3．(回歸課本P24)We feel you ________ ________ ________ ________ that.
我們覺得你本不該做那件事。
4．Eric sits on his bed looking at Daniel，________ ________ his arms crossed and looks angry.
埃里克坐在床上，瞧著雙臂交叉、表情憤怒的丹尼爾。
5．(回歸課本P38)Sometimes he acts ________ ________ ________ ________ he doesn’t even love us at all.
有時他表現(xiàn)得仿佛一點(diǎn)兒都不愛我們。
6．(回歸課本P38)Also，________ ________ I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.
而且，每當(dāng)我看DVD時，他要么讓我去睡覺，要么告訴我在學(xué)習(xí)上多花點(diǎn)兒時間。
1.with；on the floor；in the sink 2.now that；or 3.should not have done 4.who has 5.as though/as if 6.every time
核心知識
1.leave vt. 使……處于某種狀態(tài)；聽任； 交付，委托；離開
n． 假期，休假
(回歸課本P22)Listen to me，young man-remember the day when we left you in charge?
聽我說年輕人--還記得我們讓你負(fù)責(zé)的那一天嗎？
15
歸納拓展
leave 使……處于……狀態(tài)
sb./sth.＋n./adj./adv.
sb./sth.＋介詞短語
sb.doing...
sth.done
sb./sth.＋從句
leave＋n.＋to/with＋n.把……托付/委托給……
leave sb.to do sth.委托某人去做某事
leave sb. alone 不去打擾某人，讓某人獨(dú)自呆著
leave sth.alone 別碰某物
leave sb./sth. be不要去打擾某人/別動某物
leave behind 落下，遺忘，將……拋在后面
leave out 遺漏，漏掉
take a month’s paid leave 帶薪休假一個月
例句探源
①(朗文P1170)The trial left a lot of questions unanswered.
審判留下了許多未能得到解答的疑問。
②(朗文P1170)Just leave me alone and let me sleep.
別打擾我，讓我睡會兒吧。
③(牛津P1151)Britain is being left behind in the race for new markets.英國在開拓新市場方面正被甩在后面。
④(牛津P1151)Leave me out of this quarrel，please.
請別把我牽扯進(jìn)這場爭吵。
1．If you really have to leave during the meeting，you’d better leave ________ the back door.
A．for B．by
C．a(chǎn)cross D．out
解析：選B。根據(jù)句意：“如果你必須在會議期間離開，你最好從后門走”。故選B。
2．-Are you happy with your new computer.
-No，it is ________ me a lot of trouble.
A．showing B．leaving
C．giving D．sparing
解析：選C。根據(jù)句意：“你對你的新電腦滿意嗎？”“不滿意，它給我?guī)砹嗽S多麻煩”。故選C。
3．The teacher stressed again that the students should not ________ any important details while retelling the story.
A．bring out B．let out
C．leave out D．make out
解析：選C。句意：老師再次強(qiáng)調(diào)：學(xué)生們在復(fù)述故事時，不應(yīng)漏掉任何重要的細(xì)節(jié)。bring out闡明，出版；let out放掉(水，氣等)，泄露；leave out遺漏；make out理解，辨別出。故選C。
4．完成句子
(1)走的時候，讓廚房的燈開著。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ when you left.
答案：Leave the kitchen light on
(2)刷牙時不要開著水龍頭。
Don’t ________ ________ ________ ________ while you brush your teeth.
答案：leave the water running.
2.charge vt.& vi. 收費(fèi)；要價，索價；控訴；充電
n． 負(fù)責(zé)，掌管；費(fèi)用
(回歸課本P22)Listen to me，young man-remember the day when we left you in charge?
聽我說年輕人--還記得我們讓你負(fù)責(zé)的那天嗎？
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P319)They charged me $2 for this candy bar.
這塊棒糖他們收了我兩美元。
②(朗文P319)Her husband was charged with her murder.
她丈夫被指控謀殺了她。
③(牛津P319)I’m leaving the school in your charge(＝in the charge of you)．
我這就把學(xué)校交給你管。
④(牛津P319)He took charge of the farm after his father’s death.他在父親去世后掌管了農(nóng)場。
⑤(牛津P319)Delivery is free of charge.
免費(fèi)送貨。
5．介詞填空
(1)Will you be ________ charge ________ the company when I am away?
答案：in；of
(2)After his father died，the son took charge ________ his business.
答案：of
(3)The police charged the man ________ stealing the car.
答案：with
(4)How much do you charge ________ making a suit?
答案：for
3.interest
(1)[U]興趣；好奇心；關(guān)心
(2)[C]令人感興趣的事物；愛好
(3)[C](通常作復(fù)數(shù))好處；利益，福利
(4)vt.使……注意；關(guān)心或感興趣
(回歸課本P35)I wanted to see my friends and do things that interest me，...
我希望見見我的朋友，做些我感興趣的事情，……
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P1079)He was looking at me with interest.
他感興趣地看著我。
②(朗文P1079)No one at home took an interest in the children’s welfare.家里沒有人關(guān)注孩子們的幸福。
③(朗文P1080)The judge dismissed the case in the interest of justice.為了維護(hù)正義，法官駁回了案子。
④(朗文P1080)It may interest you to know that Bob and Rachel are getting a divorce.
你聽了可能會感興趣：鮑勃和雷切爾要離婚了。
⑤(牛津P1065)Anyone interested in joining the club should contact us at the address below.
有意加入俱樂部者請按下面的地址和我們聯(lián)系。
易混辨析
interesting，interested
(1)interesting adj.(事或物)有趣的，引起興趣的
(2)interested adj.(人)感興趣的
We are interested in the interesting story.
6．完成句子
(1)那時我已經(jīng)對此想法失去興趣了。
By that time I had________ ________ ________the idea.
答案：lost interest in
(2)他是個有廣泛業(yè)余愛好的人。
He is a man of wide________outside his work.
答案：interests
(3)為了安全，禁止吸煙。
________ ________ ________ ________safety，smoking is forbidden.
答案：In the interest(s) of
(4)她始終關(guān)注慈善工作。
She has always________ ________ ________charity work.
答案：interested herself in
(5)我們很想聽聽你對這個話題的看法。
We would ________ ________ ________ ________ your views on this subject.
答案：be interested to hear
(6)我們就不能做點(diǎn)更有意義的事情嗎？
Can’t we do something________ ________？
答案：more interesting
7．Tom sounds very much________in the job，but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.
A．interested B．interesting
C．interestingly D．interestedly
解析：選A。be interested in sth.。在句中sound和be一樣，都是連系動詞。
8．You have to be a fairly good speaker to________ listeners’ interest for over an hour.
A．hold B．make
C．improve D．receive
解析：選A。句意：你應(yīng)當(dāng)是一個相當(dāng)好的演說家，能抓住聽眾的興趣達(dá)1個多鐘頭之久。hold one’s interest固定搭配，意為“吸引某人的興趣”。
4.insist vt.& vi. 堅持，堅持認(rèn)為
(回歸課本P38)Recently he has been refusing to do his homework，and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music.
近來他一直拒絕做他的家庭作業(yè)，固執(zhí)地把時間浪費(fèi)在看DVD和聽外國音樂上。
歸納拓展
insist on sth. 堅決主張
insist on doing sth.堅持要求做某事
insist that sb.(should)do sth.
堅持要某人做某事(虛擬語氣)
insist that...堅持說，堅持認(rèn)為(真實(shí)語氣)
例句探源
①(朗文P1071)The chef insists on the best and freshest ingredients.大廚堅持要最好最新鮮的原料。
②(朗文P1071)He insists on calling me by my first name.
他堅持要直呼我的名字。
③(朗文P1071)Tomita insisted that the changes would not affect most taxpayers.
托密塔堅稱這些變化不會影響到大多數(shù)納稅人。
④(牛津P1056)He insists that she (should) come.
他執(zhí)意要她來。
易混辨析
insist on，stick to，persist in
(1)insist on 堅持的是看法或主張，竭力主張去做某事
(2)stick to指堅持“原則、計劃、諾言”等
(3)persist in堅持的是行為和做法，強(qiáng)調(diào)“剛愎自用”
①(朗文P2022)I told you I’d be there，and I stuck to my word.
②Why do you persist in blaming yourself for what happened?
【溫馨提示】
(1)在表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞，(如：advise，demand，insist，order，propose，recommend，require，suggest，urge等)后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。
(2)It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/urged...＋that從句中，謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。
(3)在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。
9．(2010年高考福建卷)Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A．not allow B．do not allow
C．mustn’t allow D．couldn’t allow
解析：選A。recommend作“建議”講，后面的賓語從句中的謂語動詞要用“should＋動詞原形”的虛擬語氣形式，should可以省略。故選A項。
10．(2010年安徽合肥調(diào)研)The captain urged that the mission ________ before dark.
A．must be finished B．ought to be finished
C．be finished D．was finished
解析：選C。本題的解題關(guān)鍵是“urged”，urge作“敦促”解，表示要求，命令，后面的賓語從句中謂語動詞要用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。故答案選C。
11．(2011年江蘇蘇州調(diào)研題)The old worker insisted that he________old，and that he________back to the working post again.
A．wasn’t；be sent
B．wasn’t；was sent
C．be not；send
D．isn’t；sent
解析：選A。句意為：“那位老工人堅持認(rèn)為自己不老，要求回到工作崗位上去”。第一個that分句中不用虛擬語氣，第二個that分句中要用虛擬語氣。
12．(2010年吉林長春調(diào)研)It is required that the students ________ mobile phones in their school，so seldom ________ them using one.
A．should not use；you will see
B．not use；will you see
C．mustn’t use；will you see
D．not use；you will see
解析：選B。英語中像require，demand，order等表示命令、建議或要求的動詞或名詞后面的從句中通常使用should do形式的虛擬語氣，should可以省略。seldom是否定副詞，位于句首時，句子要采用部分倒裝語序。
5 .suggest vt. 建議；暗示；表明
(回歸課本P38)Whenever I want to do something or suggest an idea，such as a restaurant we can go to for dinner，he doesn’t listen to me.
無論什么時候我想做什么或表明某個想法，例如我們?nèi)ツ膫�飯店吃飯，他總是不聽我的。
歸納拓展
(1)suggest(建議)
(2)suggest作“暗示，表明”講時，其后若接從句，從句謂語動詞用陳述語氣。
(3)
【溫馨提示】
(1)suggest不接雙賓語及復(fù)合賓語。
(2)suggestion(建議)后若跟同位語從句或表語從句，從句也應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。
例句探源
①(朗文P2063)I suggest talking to a lawyer before you do anything.我建議你在采取任何行動之前先找一名律師談?wù)劇?/p>
②(朗文P2063)Mark’s sister just suggested that we go to Mexico this summer.
馬克的姐姐剛剛建議我們今年夏天去墨西哥。
③(朗文P2063)Current data suggests that there could be life on Mars.目前的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，火星上可能存在生命。
④(牛津P2021)It has been suggested that bright children take their exams early.有人提議天資好的孩子提前考試。
⑤(牛津P2021)He agreed with my suggestion that we should change the date.他同意我提出的更改日期的建議。
13．(2009年高考上海卷)Bill suggested________a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A．having held B．to hold
C．holding D．hold
解析：選C。考查固定搭配。句中suggest意為“建議”，suggest表示此意時，可用于兩種句型：①suggest doing sth.；②suggest that sb.(should)do sth.
14．(2010年天津質(zhì)檢)My suggestion is that you ________ much meat.
A．wouldn’t take B．shall not take
C．not have D．won’t have
解析：選C。當(dāng)suggest或suggestion為“建議”的意思時，與其有關(guān)的從句要用虛擬語氣，即“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。
15．(2010年湖南師大附中月考)They suggested that the professor ________ just now ________ chairman of the meeting.
A．referring to；was made
B．referring to；be made
C．referred to；be made
D．referred to；was made
解析：選C。refer to與professor是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞短語作定語；suggest表“建議”時，其后的賓語從句需用虛擬語氣，should可以省略。
6.spare adj.閑置的；備用的；空閑的；業(yè)余的
vt.抽出，勻出；省去，免去；饒恕，赦免，不吝惜(時間，金錢等)
(回歸課本P38)Then，when I have some spare time and want to be alone，they call me selfish and unloving!
還有，當(dāng)我有點(diǎn)空閑，想一個人呆著的時候，他們就說我自私、沒有人情味。
歸納拓展
in one’s spare time 在某人的業(yè)余時間
a spare key/tyre備用鑰匙/輪胎
spare sb. sth.
spare sth. for sb.
spare sb. the trouble/difficulty/pain/anxiety of doing sth.,免除某人做……的麻煩/困難/痛苦/憂慮
spare no effort to do sth.不遺余力做某事
to spare多余，富余
例句探源
①(牛津P1927)We can only spare one room for you.
我們只能給你騰出一個房間。
②(牛津P1927)He spared no effort to make her happy again.
為使她重新快樂起來，他想盡了辦法。
③(牛津P1928)We arrived at the airport with five minutes to spare.我們趕到機(jī)場時還剩五分鐘。
④(朗文P1970)I wanted to spare them the trouble of buying me a present.我不想讓他們費(fèi)神去給我買禮物。
⑤(朗文P1970)We’ve got a spare sleeping bag that you can borrow.我們有個多余的睡袋你可以借去用。
16．完成句子
(1)你能給我一或兩美元嗎？
________ ________ ________ ________ a dollar or two?
答案：Could you spare me
(2)莫尼卡到達(dá)后還有空余時間，所以她決定去吃午飯。
Monica had arrived with time ________ ________，so she decided to have lunch.
答案：to spare
(3)醫(yī)生們一定會不遺余力挽救這個奄奄一息的孩子。
The doctors are sure to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the dying boy.
答案：spare no effort to save
7.surprise vt.使吃驚，使驚奇，使感到意外
n．[C][U]令人驚奇的事，意想不到的事；驚奇，驚訝
adj.出人意料的
(回歸課本P22)Yes，I can’t wait to surprise the boys!
是的，我迫不及待地想給孩子們一個驚喜！
歸納拓展
a surprise visitor 不速之客
例句探源
①(牛津P2034)It comes as no surprise to learn that they broke their promises.得知他們食言并不讓人覺得意外。
②(牛津P2034)She looked up in surprise.
她驚訝地抬起頭。
③(牛津P2034)Much to my surprise，I passed.
壓根兒沒想到，我及格了。
④(朗文P2076)Ernie’s kiss took her by surprise.
厄尼的吻嚇了她一跳。
⑤(朗文P2076)It surprised us all that Shannon did so well.
香農(nóng)做得如此好，令我們大家都很吃驚。
⑥(朗文P2076)What surprised me (the)most was that she didn’t seem to care.最令我感到意外的是，她似乎并不在乎。
17．完成句子
(1)想不到你從來沒搞過專業(yè)演唱。
________ ________ ________ ________ you’ve never sung professionally.
答案：It surprises me that
(2)要是我假裝不認(rèn)識你，你別覺得奇怪。
Don’t ________ ________ ________ I pretend not to recognize you.
答案：be surprised if
(3)使我非常驚訝的是，他們把那份工作給了我。
________ ________ ________ ________，they offered me the job.
答案：Much to my surprise
18．(2010年高考大綱全國卷Ⅱ)Though ________ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A．surprising B．was surprised
C．surprised D．being surprised
解析：選C。句意：盡管看到我們后很吃驚，教授還是向我們表示熱烈歡迎。surprised意為吃驚的，在句中作讓步狀語，though surprised＝though he was surprised。
19．(2010年長沙市高三模擬)It is really ________ that the pyramids are built of stones ________ several tons each.
A．surprising；weighing
B．surprised；weighed
C．surprising；weighed
D．surprised；weighing
解析：選A。句意：金字塔是用每塊重幾噸的石頭建成的，真令人吃驚。surprising令人吃驚的，weighing several tons each作定語，修飾stones，且stones和weigh的關(guān)系為主謂關(guān)系，故答案選A。
8.forbid (forbade/forbad，forbidden) vt.禁止；反對
(回歸課本P38)He has even forbidden me from meeting my friends online at the Internet cafe!
他甚至禁止我去網(wǎng)吧見我的網(wǎng)上朋友。
歸納拓展
(1)forbid sb. sth.禁止某人某事
forbid doing sth.禁止做某事
forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事
forbid sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
(2)It’s forbidden to do sth.做某事是禁止的
the Forbidden City紫禁城
例句探源
①(牛津P794)He forbade them from mentioning the subject again.他不準(zhǔn)他們再提到這個問題。
②(牛津P794)My doctor has forbidden me sugar.
醫(yī)生禁止我吃糖。
③(牛津P794)You are all forbidden to leave.
你們都不準(zhǔn)離開。
④(朗文P803)The law forbids smoking in public buildings.
法律禁止在公共場所吸煙。
【溫馨提示】
(1)allow doing 允許做某事
allow sb.to do sth. 允許某人做某事
(2)permit doing 允許做某事
permit sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事
20．(2010年銅陵月考)The police forbade ________ out of the building.
A．him to go B．to let him go
C．him going D．from his going
解析：選A。句意：警察禁止他走出大樓。forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事，符合題意。C、D兩項改為him from going方可成為正確答案。
21．完成句子
(1)你不能在醫(yī)院里吸煙--這是嚴(yán)格禁止的。
You can’t smoke inside the hospital-it’s ________ ________.
答案：strictly forbidden
(2)禁止與宗教信仰不同的人結(jié)婚。
________ ________ ________ ________ marry someone who is not a member of the same faith.
答案：It is forbidden to
9.turn up 旋大，開大；露面；使某人作嘔/難受
(回歸課本P21)Do you have to turn up your music so loud?
你非得把音樂聲調(diào)得這么大嗎？
歸納拓展
turn down調(diào)小/調(diào)低，不接受/拒絕
turn on 打開(自來水/電燈/收音機(jī))；(使)感興趣；突然攻擊/針對某人
turn off關(guān)(燈等)；(使)厭煩
turn in 上交；退還
turn out結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn)
turn to轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于
turn (a)round轉(zhuǎn)過身
turn away 不理睬，避開
turn back折回；返回
turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn)；把(所有權(quán))交給……
例句探源
①After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.(2010年高考四川卷)
大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后，我休息了一段時間去旅游，結(jié)果證明這是一個明智的決定。
②(朗文P2222)Whenever I have problems，I always turn to God.有難處時，我總是求助于上帝。
③(朗文P2222)After Roy could no longer work as a sailor，he turned to writing.
羅伊不能再當(dāng)水手后，便轉(zhuǎn)而從事寫作。
④(朗文P2222)If you’re cold，I can turn the heat up.
你冷的話我可以把暖氣開大一些。
⑤(朗文P2222)Don’t worry about the necklace.It’ll turn up sooner or later.
不要擔(dān)心那條項鏈，它遲早會出現(xiàn)的。
⑥(牛津P2174)He asked her to marry him but she turned him down.他請求她嫁給他，但是她回絕了。
【溫馨提示】
It’s one’s turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事
in turn 輪流，依次；相信地，轉(zhuǎn)而
by turns 輪流，依次[文]
take turns (in)doing/to do sth.輪流做某事
wait one’s turn 等著輪到某人
⑦(牛津P2175)Whose turn is it to cook？輪到誰做飯了？
⑧(牛津P2175)Increased production will，in turn，lead to increased profits.增加生產(chǎn)會繼而增加利潤。
⑨(牛津P2175)The male and female birds take turns in sitting on the eggs.雄鳥和雌鳥輪流伏窩。
22．(2010年高考遼寧卷)Thousands of people ________ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
A．turned on
B．turned in
C．turned around
D．turned out
解析：選D。考查動詞短語辨析。turn on“打開”；turn in“拐入；上交”；turn around“拐彎；回轉(zhuǎn)”；turn out“出席，在場；結(jié)果是，原來是，被證明是”。句意：成千上萬的人們到場觀看了昨天與愛爾蘭隊的比賽。故選D。
23．-What are you reading，Tom?
-I’m not really reading，just ________ the pages.
A．turning off B．turning around
C．turning over D．turning up
解析：選C。句意：--你在讀什么，湯姆？--實(shí)際上我沒在讀書，只是隨便翻翻。turn off關(guān)(電源等)；turn around“回轉(zhuǎn)”；turn over“翻轉(zhuǎn)，把……移交給……”；turn up旋大，出現(xiàn)，露面。故選C。
24．(2010年陜西寶雞質(zhì)檢)-How will she behave in case of our failure?
-She’ll put the blame on us if it ________ badly.
A．turns up B．turns down
C．turns off D．turns out
解析：選D。句意：--萬一我們失敗了她會怎樣呢？--如果結(jié)果很糟糕的話，她會把責(zé)任推到我們身上。turn out“結(jié)果(是)，原來(是)”符合語意；turn up“開大，出現(xiàn)”；turn down“關(guān)小，拒絕”；turn off“(把……)關(guān)掉。”
25．(2010年安徽合肥第一次質(zhì)檢)I did nothing wrong.Why are you always ________ me?
A．turning up B．turning on
C．bringing up D．bringing on
解析：選B。句意：“你們?yōu)槭裁纯偸浅銎洳灰獾毓粑遥俊眛urn on sb.“突然攻擊某人/針對某人”。
26．(2010年高考江西卷)We give dogs time，space and love we can spare，and ________，dogs give us their all.
A．in all B．in fact
C．in short D．in return
解析：選D。句意：我們給予狗的是我們所能夠騰出的時間、空間和愛，而狗回報給我們的是它們的全部。in all 總共；in fact實(shí)際上；in short，簡而言之；in return 作為回報。
27．(2010年江蘇南通調(diào)研)Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical，and this special chemical，________ affects our brains，making us feel happy.
A．in turn B．in particular
C．in advance D．in short
解析：選A。句意：維生素D幫助我們的身體產(chǎn)生一種特殊的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這種特殊的化學(xué)物質(zhì)反過來又影響我們的大腦，使我們感到幸福。in turn轉(zhuǎn)而；in particular尤其，特別地；in advance提前；in short簡而言之，故選A項。
10.be supposed to do 應(yīng)該做某事
(回歸課本P22)But，but...you weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow!
但是，但是……你們不是應(yīng)該明天才回家的嘛！
歸納拓展
(5)I don’t suppose that...我認(rèn)為……不……(否定轉(zhuǎn)移)
(6)I suppose so.我認(rèn)為是這樣。
I suppose not.(＝I don’t suppose so.)
我認(rèn)為不是這樣。
(7)疑問詞＋do you think/suppose＋陳述句？你認(rèn)為……？
(do you suppose/think為插入語)
例句探源
①The message is very important，so it is supposed to be sent as soon as possible.
這條信息非常重要，所以應(yīng)該盡快送出去。
②(牛津P2030)You are not supposed to walk on the grass.
不準(zhǔn)踐踏草地。
③(牛津P2030)Suppose/Supposing flights are fully booked on that day-which other day could we go?
假定那天的航班都訂滿了，我們還可以哪天走呢？
④(牛津P2030)You were supposed to be here an hour ago!
你本該在一小時以前就到這兒！
⑤(朗文P2073)And who do you suppose we saw at the restaurant？你猜我們在餐館見到誰了？
28．(2011年江蘇南通高三調(diào)研)-The plane ________arrive at 11∶30，but was almost half an hour late.
-Common practice.
A．was about to B．was likely to
C．was supposed to D．was certain to
解析：選C。be supposed to do“本應(yīng)該”合題意。
29．(2011年浙江寧波質(zhì)檢)Mrs.White is supposed ________ for China last week.
A．to have left B．to be leaving
C．to leave D．to have been left
解析：選A。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語last week，可知本句表示過去的情況，用“be supposed to have done sth.”表示過去本應(yīng)該做……而實(shí)際上沒有做，故選A。
30．-You should apologize to her，Barry.
-________，but it’s not going to be easy.
A．I suppose so B．I feel so
C．I prefer to D．I like to
解析：選A。本題考查情景交際。句意：“你應(yīng)該向她道歉，Barry。”“我認(rèn)為如此，但那不會很容易的。”I suppose so.我認(rèn)為如此；I feel so.我感覺如此。
11.do with 處理，處置；與……相處
(回歸課本P22)What did you do with the money we left?
你用我們留下的錢做了什么？
歸納拓展
do with the problem 處理問題
do with the spare time 處理業(yè)余時間
can’t do with 無法忍受
have something to do with 與……有關(guān)
do without 沒有……也行
do away with...擺脫，廢除掉，殺掉
例句探源
①(牛津P587)I don’t know what to do with all the food that’s left over.我不知道怎樣處理所有這些剩飯剩菜。
②(牛津P587)She can’t do without a secretary.
她不能沒有秘書。
③(牛津P587)If they can’t get it to us in time，we’ll just have to do without.
如果他們不能及時給我們拿來，我們就只好將就了。
④(朗文P596)What does this have to do with learning?
這和學(xué)習(xí)有什么關(guān)系？
⑤(朗文P595)In the movie，she hires two thugs to do away with her husband.
電影里，她雇了兩個兇手殺掉自己的丈夫。
易混辨析
do with，deal with
(1)用于特殊疑問句時，deal with常與how連用，do with常與what連用。
(2)deal with還可表示“論述；涉及；與……有生意往來”。do with沒有這層意思。
①M(fèi)y dad doesn’t know what to do with himself since he retired.
②My dad doesn’t know what how to deal with himself since he retired.
③In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small is pleasant to deal with.
31．(2009年高考重慶卷)With the world changing fast，we have something new________with all by ourselves every day.
A．deal B．dealt
C．to deal D．dealing
解析：選C。句意：隨著世界的快速變化，我們每天都有新的問題要獨(dú)自處理。本題考查的是不定式作定語，have something to do，動詞do邏輯上的主語是we，也就是句子的主語。
32．We all know that，________，the situation will get worse.
A．not if dealt carefully with
B．if not carefully dealt with
C．if dealt not carefully with
D．not if carefully dealt with
解析：選B。該題考查分詞作狀語。not應(yīng)放在分詞前面，故排除C項；not應(yīng)放在if的后面，所以排除A、D兩項。B項也可寫成：if it is not carefully dealt with。
33．完成句子
(1)我今天再也受不了哭鬧的孩子了。
I ________ ________ ________ any more crying children today.
答案：can’t do with
(2)我們和他們公司已做了10年生意了。
We’ve been ________ ________ their company for 10 years.
答案：dealing with
(3)這本書討論的是法國大革命時期的藝術(shù)。
The book ________ ________ art during the French Revolution.
答案：deals with
(4)科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，干旱與厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象中的海流有關(guān)。
Scientists think the EL Nino current ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the drought.
答案：has something to do with
12.go out
(回歸課本P23)Mom and Dad look at each other as lights go out.當(dāng)燈熄滅時，爸爸媽媽相互對視。
歸納拓展
go around 傳開
go on 進(jìn)行；發(fā)生；繼續(xù)
go with 和……相配；和……交朋友
go without不吃，不用……，在沒有……的情況下湊合
go back to 追溯，回顧
go in for對……有興趣，愛好
go about 著手……
go off ...熄滅，(電)停止運(yùn)行
常用搭配
例句探源
①(朗文P886)She goes out partying every weekend.
她每個周末都出去參加聚會。
②(朗文P886)Our campfire went out while we were sleeping.
我們睡覺時營火熄滅了。
③(牛津P872)Word went out that the director had resigned.
局長已經(jīng)辭職的消息公開了。
④(牛津P872)Those skirts went out years ago.
那些裙子多年前就不時興了。
⑤(朗文P886)Spring went out with a bang as four tornadoes rolled through the state yesterday.
昨天，隨著四股龍卷風(fēng)席卷該州，春天突然結(jié)束了。
34．用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空：
(1)Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to go ________.
答案：out
(2)If you had gone ________ your test paper carefully before handing it in，you would have made few mistakes.
答案：over
(3)As time goes ________，my memory seems to get worse.
答案：by
(4)She doesn’t go ________ ________ team games.
答案：in for
(5)There wasn’t time for breakfast，so I had to go ________.
答案：without
(6)How does she keep smiling after all she’s go ________.
答案：through
35．(2009年高考江西卷)-Do you want a lift home?
-It’s very kind of you，but I have to work late in the office.I overslept this morning because my alarm clock ________.
A．doesn’t go off B．won’t go off
C．wasn’t going off D．didn’t go off
解析：選D。句意：--你想搭車回家嗎？--謝謝，但是我不得不在辦公室加班。因為鬧鐘沒響，我今天早晨睡過頭了。由overslept this morning可知，鬧鐘沒響是過去的某一個動作，故答案選D。
36．-I’m still working on my project.
-Oh，you’ll miss the deadline.Time is________.
A．running out B．going out
C．giving out D．losing out
解析：選A。句意：--我仍然在做這個項目。--啊！你肯定不能如期完成了，因為快沒時間了。當(dāng)表示時間用完、耗盡的時候多用run out。give out分發(fā)，精疲力竭。
37．(2010年豐臺模擬)The news has just________that the president is going to visit China next month.
A．come about B．put out
C．gone out D．given out
解析：選C。此題考查詞義辨析。come about發(fā)生；put out撲滅，吹滅；go out出去，熄滅，(新聞，信息等)宣布；give out散發(fā)，分發(fā)，被用完。根據(jù)句意C為正確選項。
38．(2009年高考四川卷)-May I open the window to let in some fresh air?
-________.
A．Come on! B．Take care!
C．Go ahead! D．Hold on!
解析：選C。句意：“我可以打開窗戶，讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來嗎？”“好啊！”come on 加油，常用來鼓勵，催促對方；take care 當(dāng)心；go ahead 進(jìn)行吧，干吧；hold on別掛斷，先拿著，常用于打電話中。
13.after all 畢竟，終究；到底
(回歸課本P34)I didn’t fail my Maths test after all；Miss Xu mixed up my results with someone else’s!
我數(shù)學(xué)考試終究沒有不及格，徐老師把我的成績與別人的成績搞混了。
歸納拓展
(1)畢竟，終究，竟然(in spite of what has been said，done or expected)，大都放于句末。
(2)畢竟，別忘了(it should be remembered)，多用于句首。
(3)above all 首先，特別是，最重要的是
first of all首先
in all總共
all at once 突然，同時，馬上
all of a sudden 突然
all sorts/kinds of各種各樣的
all the best 萬事如意
all the more 更加
all the same 盡管如此，仍舊(照樣)
all the year round 一年到頭
all in all 總的來說
例句探源
①(朗文P36)He wrote to say they couldn’t give me a job after all.他寫信說他們終究還是不能給我一份工作。
②(朗文P36)I don’t know why you are so concerned，after all，it isn’t your problem.
我不明白你為什么這樣擔(dān)心，這畢竟不是你的問題。
39．用適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z填空；
(1)There are twenty ________ ________.
答案：in all
(2)Children need many things，but ________ ________ they need love.
答案：above all
(3)This is，________ ________，the least important of the problem.
答案：after all
(4)Is he ________ ________ suitable for the post?
答案：at all
(5)It wasn’t funny，but ________ ________ ________ it was a good movie.
答案：all in all
(6)________ ________ ________，she broke into a smile.
答案：All at once
(7)She likes the job，which makes the decision to move ________ ________ ________ difficult.
答案：all the more
(8)He is not reliable，but I like him ________ ________ ________.
答案：all the same
40．Why are you so anxious？It isn’t your problem________.
A．on purpose B．in all
C．on time D．a(chǎn)fter all
解析：選D。on purpose故意，in all總共，on time按時，均不符合題意，故排除。after all“畢竟，應(yīng)該記住”，符合題意。句意：你為什么擔(dān)心呢？畢竟那不是你的問題。
41．(2010年遼寧沈陽高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)I’m hunting for a house，nice，bright，comfortable and________with a big garden.
A．a(chǎn)ll over B．a(chǎn)fter all
C．a(chǎn)bove all D．in all
解析：選C。above all表示“最重要的是；首要的是”，符合語境。all over表示“到處”；after all表示“畢竟”；in all表示“總計”，這三項都不符合句意。
14.make a difference 起作用，產(chǎn)生影響
Mum，two hours won’t make a bit of difference.
媽媽，兩小時起不了多大的作用。
歸納拓展
make a/no/some difference to/in sb./sth. 對……有/沒有/有些影響/作用/關(guān)系
make all the difference/make a big difference to sb./sth.對……關(guān)系重大、大不相同
tell the difference(s) between A and B 辨別A與B的不同
different adj. 不同的，有區(qū)別的
be different from 與……不同，有區(qū)別
differ from sb./sth.與某人/某事物不同，相異( 在哪方, 面不同要用介詞in表示)
differ with sb. about/on sth.與某人在某事上有異議
例句探源
①(牛津P553)Changing schools made a big difference to my life.轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)對我的一生有著重大影響。
②(朗文P560)Unfortunately，the drugs made no difference to the spread of the cancer.
不幸的是，藥物對癌癥的擴(kuò)散沒有任何作用。
③(朗文P561)How can you tell the difference between the twins？你能辨別出這對雙胞胎有什么不同嗎？
④(朗文P560)Haris adds many of his views differ from those of his partner’s.
哈里斯補(bǔ)充說，他的許多觀點(diǎn)與他合伙人的不一樣。
42．介詞填空
(1)New drugs have made an enormous difference ________ the way the disease is treated.
答案：in
(2)Mamet says it makes no difference ________ him what a movie costs，as long as it’s a good movie.
答案：to
(3)He differs ________ his classmates ________ that he devotes most of his spare time ________ reading.
答案：from；in；to
句型解析
1【教材原句】 The room is a mess，with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink.(P22)
房間一團(tuán)糟，比薩盒子扔在地板上，臟兮兮的盤子堆在洗碗池里。
【句法分析】 with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink是“with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”構(gòu)成的with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，還可作定語。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方式：
①He is used to sleeping with the window open.
他習(xí)慣于開著窗子睡覺。
②Who left the room with the light on?
誰亮著燈就離開房間了？
③The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.老師手里拿著一本書走進(jìn)教室。
④The girl felt very safe with her mother standing behind her.
媽媽站在身后，小女孩感到很安全。
⑤With all the things she needed bought，she left the shop happily.
需要的東西都買了之后，她高高興興地離開了商店。
⑥With so many books to read，I have no time to chat with you.有這么多的書要讀，我沒時間跟你聊天。
43．(2010年高考山東卷)The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ________ for a meal to be cooked.
A．laid B．laying
C．to lay D．being laid
解析：選A。句意：起居室既干凈又整潔，做飯用的餐桌已擺好了。
考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，table與lay在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，排除B項，從already可以看出動作已發(fā)生，故排除C、D兩項，A項表示被動且完成，故選A。
44．With exports ________ a big role in its economic growth，China has been affected by the current financial storm.
A．Playing B．to play
C．played D．play
解析：選A。句意：由于出口在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長中占很大比重，因此當(dāng)前的金融風(fēng)暴一直影響著中國。本題考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語，exports與play之間存在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，故排除C、D，而B項表將來也不正確，A項表主動且進(jìn)行，故選A。
45．With two children ________ middle school in the nearby town now，the parents are working hard.
A．to attend B．a(chǎn)ttending
C．a(chǎn)ttended D．having attended
解析：選B。考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語，由語境可知，children和attend之間為主動關(guān)系，且動作正在進(jìn)行，所以要用doing，故B項正確。
2【教材原句】 Eric sits on his bed looking at Daniel，who has his arms crossed and looks angry.
埃里克坐在床上，瞧著雙臂交叉、表情憤怒的丹尼爾。
【句法分析】 have做使役動詞時，常用于以下幾種句型：
(1)have sb. do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”，have與let，make的用法相同，表示“使，讓”。
(2)have sb./sth. doing sth.意為“讓某人或某物一直做某事”，有“聽任，保持”之意。
(3)have sth. done意為“使處于……狀態(tài)，使被做，有某種遭遇或經(jīng)歷”。
另外，have 還可用于以下幾個句型：
(4)can’t/won’t have sb. doing sth.不能容許/容忍某人做……
(5)have sth. to do 有某事要做……
①She had her bag stolen.她的包被偷了。
②He had his hat blown off.他的帽子被吹掉了。
③I’m sorry to have you waiting so long.
很抱歉讓你等這么久。
④He had the guards throw them out of the club.
他讓保安人員把他們轟出了俱樂部。
⑤We can’t have people arriving late all the time.
我們不能允許有人總是遲到。
⑥I must go-I have a bus to catch.
我必須走了--我得去趕公共汽車。
46．(2010年高考山東卷)I have a lot of readings ________ before the end of this term.
A．completing B．to complete
C．completed D．being completed
解析：選B。考查非謂語動詞。動詞不定式作定語時，若動詞不定式和它修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且又和該句主語
或賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，常用不定式的主動形式，該題中的complete 和readings之間符合這一關(guān)系，句意為“在這一學(xué)期結(jié)束以前，我有很多材料要閱讀”，故選B。
47．用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
(1)The lady had her wallet ________ (steal)at the cinema last night.
答案：stolen
(2)I won’t have you ________(talk)to Mother like that!
答案：talking
(3)They had the light ________(burn)all night long.
答案：burning
(4)Just a minute.I’ll have Bob ________(show)you to the door.
答案：show
(5)Who would you have ________(wash)the dishes?
答案：washed
3【教材原句】 Maybe，but now that he has been so rude to us，I feel like we have to punish him or he won’t respect us.(P23)
或許吧，但是既然他對我們這么無禮，我覺得似乎我們得懲罰他一下，否則，他不會尊重我們的。
【句法分析】 now that引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，意為“既然”，其中that可以省略。
歸納拓展
(1)now that“既然”，說明已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)的原因。,(2)because語氣最強(qiáng)，回答的是用why提問的問句，表示直接的或為人所不知的原因。,(3)since與as語氣較because弱，表示顯而易見或已為人所知的原因。since側(cè)重主句，as主從并重，語氣比since弱。,(4)for是并列連詞，用來補(bǔ)充說明理由或提供一種解釋，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。,此外，when也可表示原因，意為“既然，考慮到……”
①-Why are you absent from the meeting?
--你為什么開會缺席。
-Because I am ill.
--因為我病了。
②As it is raining，we shall not go to the park.
由于在下雨，我們不去公園了。
③Now that/since everybody is here，let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都在，我們開始開會吧。
④It rained last night，for the ground is wet.
昨晚下雨了，因為地面是濕的。
⑤It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.
既然你步行5分鐘能到那里，卻打的，真夠愚蠢的。
48．(2010年高考遼寧卷)The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ________ he wanted to sit next to his wife.
A．a(chǎn)lthough B．unless
C．because D．if
解析：選C。考查狀語從句。although“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，unless“除非，如果不”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；because“因為”引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，if“如果”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，根據(jù)句意：那老人請露西挪到另一把椅子上，因為他想和妻子挨著做，表原因，故選C。
49．(2010年山東日照模擬)How can you keep fit ________ you smoke so much?
A．a(chǎn)s B．while
C．when D．for
解析：選C。句意：“既然你抽煙這么兇，又怎么能保持健康呢？”when“既然”；as“由于”；while“雖然，當(dāng)……時候”；for“由于”，故選C。
50．(2010年合肥質(zhì)檢)Why not stay at home ________ the road is so slippery after the heavy snow?
A．since that B．a(chǎn)fter that
C．then that D．now that
解析：選D。句意：“既然大雪過后路這么滑，為什么不待在家里呢？”now that相當(dāng)于since，意為“既然”。
51．(2010年江蘇蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)調(diào)研)-Some Chinese students find it difficult to understand native speakers when in London.
-Exactly，________ they’ve learned a lot about grammar and known many words.
A．if only B．now that
C．a(chǎn)s if D．even if
解析：選D。句意：--一些學(xué)生在倫敦時，發(fā)現(xiàn)聽懂本地人說的話很難。--的確如此，即使他們學(xué)了很多語法也知道很多單詞。A“如果……就好了”；B“既然”；C“仿佛，好像”；D“即使”，故選D。
4【教材原句】 We feel you should not have done that.(P24)
我覺得你真不應(yīng)該那樣做。
【句法分析】 (1)should have done結(jié)構(gòu)表示過去應(yīng)該做某事而事實(shí)上沒有做；而shouldn’t have done則表示過去本不該做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了，兩者皆含有“責(zé)備”的口吻。
(2)should have done還能表示“可能、推斷”，常譯成“應(yīng)該已經(jīng)，可能已經(jīng)”。
歸納拓展
(1)ought(not)to have done＝should(not)have done
(2)needn’t have done “本來沒必要做……”，過去沒有必要做卻做了
need have done “本必須做……”，(卻沒有做)
(3)could have done “本來能做……”，過去本可能做而未做
(4)might have done “本來可以做……”，(卻未做)
(5)had better have done 當(dāng)時最好做了……(卻未做)
(6)would rather have done 寧愿當(dāng)時做了……(卻未做，有后悔之意)
(7)would like/love to have done 過去本想做……(卻未做成)
另外，情態(tài)動詞＋have done還可表示對過去事情的推測：
(1)must have done “一定……”，對過去發(fā)生的事情的肯定推測。
(2)can’t/couldn’t have done “不可能……”，對過去發(fā)生的, 事情的否定推測。
(3)might/may have done “可能做了……”，過去可能做了, 某事(可能性小)。
①You should have finished your homework yesterday.
你昨天就該做完作業(yè)。
②You shouldn’t have come to the conference yesterday.
你昨天本來不應(yīng)該參加那個會議。
③They should have reached Beijing by now.
他們此時該抵達(dá)北京了。
52．(2010年高考山東卷)I ________ have watched that movie-it’ll give me horrible dreams.
A．shouldn’t B．needn’t
C．couldn’t D．mustn’t
解析：選A。根據(jù)句意：“我本不該看那部電影的--這會讓我做可怕的夢”。
A.shouldn’t have done“本不該做……，而事實(shí)上卻做了”，符合題意。B.needn’t have done“本不必做……”；C.couldn’t have done“不可能做了……(表推測)”；D.must＋have done反用于肯定句中表示對已發(fā)生事情的推測。
53．(2009年高考江蘇卷)He didn’t regret saying what he did but felt that he ________ it differently.
A．could express
B．would express
C．could have expressed
D．must have expressed
54．She ________ have left school，for her bike is still here.
A．can’t B．wouldn’t
C．shouldn’t D．needn’t
解析：選A。考查情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法。句意：她不可能已經(jīng)離開學(xué)校，因為她的自行車還在這兒。“can’t/couldn’t have done不可能做了……”，符合題意。
55．(2010年高考安徽卷)Jack described his father，who ________ a brave boy many years ago，as a strongMwilled man.
A．would be B．would have been
C．must be D．must have been
解析：選D。考查情態(tài)動詞表推測。句意為“杰克把父親描述成一個意志堅定的人，許多年前他就一定是個勇敢的孩子”。對過去肯定的推測，只有D項must have done(過去)一定……”符合題意。
56．(2010年高考天津卷)Mark ________ have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.
A．needn’t B．wouldn’t
C．mustn’t D．couldn’t
解析：選A。句意：“馬克本不必那么匆忙的，在高速行車后，他早到了半小時”，needn’t have done“本不必做……(而實(shí)際上卻做了)”，符合題意。
5【教材原句】 Also，every time I watch a DVD，he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.(P38)
還有，每次我看DVD時，他就催著我上床睡覺，要么就是教導(dǎo)我要多花些時間學(xué)習(xí)。
【句法分析】 every time為從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。注意從句中不可使用表示將來的will，可用一般將來時，用現(xiàn)在完成時來代替將來完成時。
類似于every time(名詞短語充當(dāng)時間連詞)的還有：
the first time第一次
the next time下一次
by the time到……時候
each/every time每一次
the time(moment，minute instant，second)＝as soon as 一……就……
each time，the first/last/next time，the moment/minute等名詞性短語皆可用作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
①The next time you come in，please close the door.
你下一次進(jìn)來時，請關(guān)上門。
②By the time he was fourteen，he had learned advanced mathematics by himself.
他14歲時，已自學(xué)了高等數(shù)學(xué)。
③Every time he comes，he asks me for money.
他每次來總向我要錢。
④Every time I hear the song，I can’t help thinking back to my childhood.
每當(dāng)聽到這首歌，我就禁不住想起我的童年。
57．完成句子
(1)________/________ ________ I hear the song，I feel happy.
我每次聽到那首歌都很愉快。
答案：Every/Each time
(2)________ ________ ________ I saw her，she was working in the field.
我第一次見到她的時候，她正在地里干活。
答案：The first time
(3)________ ________ ________ he was ten，he ________ ________ about 2,000 English words.
到他10歲時，他已經(jīng)學(xué)會了約2000個英語單詞。
答案：By the time；had learned