Module 10 Unit 1-2

Grammar and Usage

常用英語關聯詞語

1) 先后次序關系：

at this time; first; second; at last; next；previously; simultaneously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start with；to end with；finally；seeing...；since then；first of all；afterwards;

following this; preceding this.

2) 因果關系：

because；because of this；being that；another important factor／reason of... ； since； as； for； in that...； owing to； due to； for the reason that...； in view of；

the reason seems to be obvious; there are about... ；for this reason; as a result of this； therefore；...and so...； consequently；as a result； thus； hence； so；so that...； in consequence； as a consequence； accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon.

3) 轉折關系：

but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of ；despite that； in spite of that； regardless of; yet...；and yet； but ；unless.

4) 并列關系：

and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and...

4) (補充)遞進關系：

furthermore；moreover；further；In this way ；still； not only...but also...； not...but...；

in addition (to)；additionally, much more interesting; more specifically; next; besides；

as far as... is concerned; moreover；in other words；along this line of consideration；

on the one hand...，on the other hand...； even； as a poplar saying goes...；in order to do it...; meanwhile； at the same time； accordingly； In the first place...，in the second place...;

equally important; of even greater appeal.

5) 比較關系：

similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared with；compared with；

when in fact...; like...； likewise； similarly important； apart from (doing)...； ... rather than...，by doing so ；both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also).

6) 對照(不同點)：

yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way around；yet; conversely； unlike； opposed to; as opposed to ； in contrast (to)； by way of；on the contrary；different from this；as opposed to this；

nevertheless; contrary to； whereas； while；but on the other hand.

7) 舉例關系:

for example； for instance； in this case; namely； as you know； you may as／say；

as he explains； like； such as； a case in point is...; consider...； in particular；including...；for one thing...，for another...；put it simply；stated roughly； as an illustration，

I will say...； a good example (of...)would be...；to detail this，I would like to...；

It is interesting to note that...；in this situation; as proof; take the case of; take as example (something)； as for; as regards； as to； according to; on this occasion.

9) 強調關系：

in fact; especially；particularly；moreover；naturally; what is more important； in reality； certainly; of course; indeed; in particular；not to mention...；believe it or not；undeniably;

it is certain／sure that...；to be strict; to be true；by definition; definitely; undoubtedly;

without a doubt; in truth, in any event(不論怎樣); without reservation(毫無保留地); obviously, not only.. but(also...), both... and...

10) 條件關系:

if；unless; lest；provided that；if it is the case；in this sense；once...；if possible；if necessary；if so；if not all; if anything.

11) 歸納總結類：

in other words；on the whole; in sum; therefore；hence；in short；in brief；to sum up；

in conclusion; in summary； to conclude； the conclusion can be drawn that...;

for this reason; in short.

12) 地點關系：

beyond; opposite to; adjacent to; at the same place; there; over; in the middle; around;

in front of; in the distance; farther; here and there; above; below; at the right; between;

on this side.

13) 目的關系：

with this object; for this purpose; in order that; in this way, since; so that; on that account;

in case; with a view to; for the same reason.

14) 重申關系：

in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.

15) 結果關系：

accordingly; thus; consequently; hence; therefore; thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...); so... as to.

16) 順序關系：

first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the outset(在開始時)，following this; at this time; now;

at this point; after; afterward; after this; subsequently; lastly; finally; consequently;

before this; previously; preceding this; simultaneously; concurrently(同時).

17) 時間關系：

at once; immediately; at length; in the mean time; meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after; later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a sudden; from this time on; from time to time; since then; when; whenever; next point;

a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since; occasionally; in a moment; shortly; whereupon; previously.

責任編輯：李芳芳