08屆高一全國中學生英語能力競賽語法冠詞語法精講精練

(一)不定冠詞的用法

不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式。a用在以輔音音標開頭的詞前,an用在以元音音標開頭的詞前。

a house,a useful book,a one-eyed camel,a European village

an hour,an umbrella,an office,an exercise

不定冠詞的用法主要有:

1)泛指某人或某物,不具體說明其為何人或何物。在行文敘述時,第一次提到某個人或事物時,通常使用不定冠詞,此為“泛指”。例如:

A girl is asking for you on the phone.

My mother works in a hospital.

2)用在單數可數名詞前,表示一類人或事物,即以一個個體代表整類人或事物,此為“類指”。例如:

A plane is faster than a train.飛機比火車快。

A snake is a cold-blooded animal.蛇是冷血動物。

3)表示“一”,但數量概念沒有one強烈。例如:

They waited there for an hour.他們在那等了一個小時。

Rome wasn't built in a day.羅馬非一天能建成。(即:冰凍三尺非一日之寒。)

如特別強調數量,應使用one。例如:

I have only one dictionary and I need it myself.

4)用在表示時間、速度、價格等計量單位的名詞前表示“每一”,相當于per或every。例如:

The plane can get 300 kilometers an hour.飛機的速度是每小時300公里。

The doctor told her to take the medicine three times a day.醫生叫她一天服三次藥。

We work five days a week.我們一周工作五天。

5)用于抽象名詞、物質名詞前(特別是這兩種名詞有定語修飾時),使之意義具體化,表示“一種”、“一件”、“一份”等。例如:

It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀請參加聚會是一種榮譽。(honour是抽象名詞,an honour指一件榮譽的事)

There was heavy rain last week.(rain為物質名詞,這里指一場雨)

6)用于序數詞(后加名詞)前,表示又一個,又一次。例如:

He tried a sixth time and succeeded.他又試第六次,結果成功了。

When I sat down,a fourth student rose to speak.當我坐下時,又有第四個同學起立發言。

7)用于某一個人名、地名前,使專有名詞普通化。例如:

A Mr.Li has been waiting for you.一位姓李的先生一直在等你。

Chongqing is known as a Shanghai of the west.重慶被稱作西部的上海。(Shanghai是專有名詞,本句中a Shanghai指和上海一樣繁華的城市)

8)用于某些固定詞組中,是這些詞組不可缺少的組成部分。例如:

in a moment立刻,馬上 once upon a time從前

as a result (of)作為(……)的結果 in a hurry急忙地

in a word一句話,總而言之 once in a while偶爾地

have a good time過得很愉快 have a word with與……說句話

have/take a look (at)看一看 have/take a rest休息一下

take an active part in積極參加 (比較:take part in參加,不能說take a part in)

do sb.a favour幫某人的忙 put an end to結束

at a mouthful一大口地 all of a sudden突然地

(二)不用冠詞的場合

1)不可數名詞(物質名詞、抽象名詞和專有名詞)前通常不用冠詞;可數名詞復數表示泛指時其前也不用冠詞。例如:

Water is changed into steam by heat and into ice by cold.水加熱變成蒸汽,遇冷則變成冰。

On Sundays shops are always crowded with people.

2)稱呼語以及表示獨一無二的職位的名詞作表語、同位語、賓語補語(或主語補語)時,前面不用冠詞。例如:

Will you help me to solve the maths problem,Mother?

Bush Jr.was elected president of the United States.

3)名詞前已有作定語的代詞this,that,my,your,whose,which,some,any等修飾時,不用冠詞。例如:

They had no children.

Whose bike is this?

4)表示節日、月份、星期、學科、運動項目以及三餐飯的名稱的名詞前通常不用冠詞。例如:

Christmas (Day)is coming.

We will hold a meeting on Friday.

Maths is as interesting as physics.

Let's go and play football,shall we?

Let's go and watch them play chess.

We went out for a walk after supper.

季節、月份、日期前如有限制性定語修飾,應用定冠詞,如表示“某一個”或“一種”時,也可用不定冠詞。例如:

He graduated from school in the summer of 1990.

We had a terribly hot summer this year.

特指某頓飯時可加定冠詞,有定語修飾時三餐飯名稱前可用不定冠詞。例如:

What do you think of the dinner?你認為晚餐如何?

They had a wonderful lunch.他們吃了頓豐盛的午餐。

5)as引出的讓步狀語從句中,作表語的名詞提前,通常不用冠詞。例如:

Child as he was,he knew two foreign languages.雖然他是個孩子,卻懂得兩門外語。

6)報紙的標題、書名、劇本提示等中常省略冠詞。例如:

Workers On Strike工人在罷工

7)某些習慣用語中名詞前不用冠詞,具體名詞表示抽象概念。例如:

He goes to school by bus,but I go to school on foot.

Postmen deliver newspapers and letters from door to door.

He was so tired that he went to bed without supper.

責任編輯：李芳芳