重點詞語用法

1．while[wail]的用法

1)while可以用作并列連詞，表示對比意義，譯為“而”，“卻”。如：

①Instead, he asked his father why he was not able to hatch chickens, while hens could.

他反而問他父親為什么他不能孵小雞，而母雞卻能。

②Jane was dressed in blue, while Mary dressed in red.

珍妮穿藍色衣服，而瑪麗卻穿紅色衣服。

2)while還可以用作從屬連詞，作“在……期間”，“當……時候”講，使用時應注意它與用作從屬連詞的when的區別：

▲when引導的時間狀語從句，既可表示“一段時間”，又可表示“一點時間”，因此從句的謂語動詞既可以是延續性的，也可以是非延續性的。如：

③I hope to see you when I stay in Beijing on business.

(一段時間)當我出差北京時，希望見到你。

④When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out.

(一點時間)當鐘敲響十二下時，燈全部熄滅了。

【注意】while引導的時間狀語從句只能表示“一段時間”所以while從句的謂語動詞應是延續性動詞(或狀態動詞)。例如：

⑤While I stayed(or was) in Shanghai, I saw her three times.

我在上海期間見到她三次。

▲如果從句的謂語動詞是延續性的，可以用while也可以用when。如：

⑥While(When)we were having a meeting, a stranger came in.

我們在開會時，一個陌生人走了進來。

2．accept與receive的用法和區別

1)accept用作動詞，意為“接受”，指經過考慮，由主觀意志來決定接受，動作者本身是主動的。例如：

①He couldn't accept our suggestions but our gifts.

他們不能接受我們的建議但接受了我們的禮品。

②She was very glad to accept the invitation.

她非常愉快地接受了邀請。

2)receive也是用作動詞，意為“接到”，指收到某物這一動作，本身有一定的被動性，不包含本身是否愿意接受的意思。例如：

③ He did not receive a good education at university.

他沒在大學受過良好教育。

④I received an invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it.

昨天我接到一份參加晚會的邀請，但我拒不接受。

3．count 的用法

count[kaunt] vt．數，計算；看作，算作。例如：

①Can you count the number of the students in the class？

你能清點一下班里的人數嗎？

②Count 30 then come and find me.

數到三十然后來找我。

③Don't count chickens before they are hatched.

[諺語] 雞未孵出，不要點數。

④After such a bad accident, you should count yourself lucky you are alive.

遭此嚴重的事故后，你還能活著，要算你幸運。

⑤I count it a great honour to be working with you.

能和你一起工作，我感到不勝榮幸。

⑥ He counted this experience as part of his education.

他把這段經歷看作自己所受的一部分教育。

4．manner的單復數問題

1)manner用作單數，有“方法”，“態度”的意思

①Do it in a businesslike manner.

要鄭重其事地做這事。

②He spoke in such a manner as to offend them.

他用這種方式說話，以致于傷了他的感情。

③I don't like his manner．我不喜歡他的態度。

2)manner用作復數，即manners表示“禮貌，規矩”，“風俗，習慣”的意思。

①Aren't you forgetting your manners?

你是不是沒禮貌了？

②He has no manners at all．他毫無禮貌。

③He studies the manners of the ancients.

他研究古人的風俗習慣。

【注意】要說It is good/bad manners to do sth.

④It's bad manners to talk with a full mouth.

嘴里吃著東西說話是不禮貌的。

3)常用的幾個復合形容詞：

well-mannered 有禮貌的

ill-mannered 無禮貌的

rough-mannered 粗魯的

5．close的多種用法

1)close用作形容詞，可表示“(空間、時間上的)接近”，也可表示“(關系的)親近。”

①The church is close to our school.

教堂離學校很近。

②The two buildings are close together.

兩座建筑物距離很近。

③The children are close to each other in age.

孩子們年齡相近。

④Their birthdays are very close together.

他們生日很近。

⑤He and his father are very close.

他和父親很親近。

【注意】a close contest, match, election 譯為“勢均力敵的競賽、比賽、選舉”

2)close可用作副詞，表空間距離上的近

①He stood close against the wall.

他緊靠著墻站著。

②Tom found a man following close behind him.

湯姆發現一個人緊跟在他后面。

【注意】closely也是副詞，但它表示抽象意義，譯作“仔細地，密切地”

①The two events are closely connected.

這兩件事有密切關系。

②You should listen closely．你該仔細聽。

3)close可用作動詞，表示“關閉”，“不營業”

①If you close your eyes, you can't see anything.

若閉上眼睛，那你就什么也看不見了。

②The shops close at 5∶30．商店5點半關門。

4)close還可用作名詞。bring sth. to a close 是“結束某事物”的意思

①At the close of the day, he went back.

在黃昏的時候，他回來了。

②The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem.

典禮在國歌聲中結束。

【注意】不同詞性close讀音不同，close, n. ＆ v. [kl+uz]；close, adj. ＆adv. [kl+us]

重要詞組短語

1．not…but…的用法

not…but…為并列連詞，連接兩個并列成分，意為“不是……而是”。例如：

①He is not a student, but a teacher.

他不是學生，而是教師。(并列表語)

②They are not speaking English, but writing letters.

他們不是在講英語，而是在寫信。(并列謂語)

③Not the student but his parents want to ask for my advice on how to improve spoken English.

不是這個學生而是學生家長要求我給提些如何改善口語英語的建議。(并列主語)

【注意】當“not…but…”連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞必須與靠近的那個主語保持人稱和數的一致。又如：

2．mean to do 和mean doing 的用法區別

mean to do是“打算，企圖”的意思。mean doing是表示“意味著”的意思。

①I had meant to leave on Sunday.

我本打算周日走。

②I mean to stay here for a long time.

我打算在這兒呆很久。

③Missing the train means waiting for an hour.

趕不上火車預示著要再等一個小時。

④Revolution means liberating the productive forces.

革命意味著解放生產力。

【注意】mean通常不與否定的動詞不定式搭配

①I did not mean to hurt you.

我并不是故意得罪你。

(不說：I meant not to hurt you. )

②I meant no harm to you.

我對你并無惡意。

(不說：I meant not to harm you.)

3．manage to do sth. 和try to do sth. 用法區別

▲try to do sth. 意思是“盡力，設法去做某事”，結果如何，不得而知。而manage to do sib.，則表示“設法做成了某事”

①Jim had a lot of homework, but he managed to finish it before bedtime.

吉姆有很多家庭作業，但他終于在睡覺前完成了。

②Jim had a lot of homework, but he said he would try to finish it before bedtime.

吉姆有很多家庭作業，他說他將設法在睡覺前完成。

▲manage還表示“經營，管理”的意思

①She managed the house very well.

她把家管得很好。

②Who will manage the store when you are away?

你不在的時候誰來經營商店？

▲與can或could連用，意為“能辦好某件難事”，口語中還可作“吃，渡過”解

①It's too heavy, but I can manage it.

雖然它很重，但是我能搬動。

②I don't think we can manage a huge fish like that just between the two of us.

我看單是我們兩個人吃不了這么大的一條魚。

③If you can get the material, we can manage the money.

如果你們搞到了原料，資金我們能想辦法。

常用句型結構

1．make +賓語+賓語補足語

在這一結構中，賓語補足語可以是不帶to的動詞不定式、過去分詞或形容詞形式。

1)make +賓語+不帶to的不定式。這一結構表示的意思是“使某人做某事”。例如：

①Taking some medicine made me feel much better.

服了這些藥使我感到好多了。

②They made the boy stand under a tree.

他們讓那個男孩站在樹下。

③In the old society, the landlord made the farmers work day and night.

舊社會地主讓農民不分白天黑夜地干活。

【注意】上述例句若變為被動語態，補語要用帶to的動詞不定式：

①I was made to feel much better by taking some medicine.

②The boy was made to stand under a tree.

③In the old society, the farmers were made to work day and night.

2)make +賓語+過去分詞。這一結構表示的意思是“使某人/某事被……”。例如：

①The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself heard.

發言人提高了嗓音以便別人聽到他說的話。

②Can you make yourself heard at the beginning?

你一開始就能讓別人聽到你的話嗎？

③We should not make our plan known to everybody.

我們不應該使每個人都知道我們的計劃。

④The teacher spoke very slowly so that he could make himself understood.

老師講得很慢，以便能讓學生理解他。

⑤She didn't know French at all, so she couldn't make herself understood.

她根本不懂法語，所以她不能表明自己的意思。

3)make +賓語+形容詞。這一結構表示的意思是“使某人/某事(變得)……”例如：

①The interesting story made him very happy.

這個有趣的故事使他很高興。

②They have made the house clean and tidy.

他們把房子收拾得干凈而整潔。

③ The smoke made the room dirty.

煙將房子弄臟了。

④This light made the room very bright.

這盞燈使這間房子非常明亮。

⑤What the students did in class made their teacher very angry.

學生在課堂上所做的事使老師很生氣。

2．“with +復合賓語”結構既可用作定語，也可用作狀語。

常見的“with +復合賓語”結構主要有以下五種形式：

1)with +賓語+動詞-ing形式

①With the boy leading the way, we had no trouble in getting to the station.

由這個男孩帶路，我們不難到達了火車站。

②With the wind blowing heavily, we took great trouble to move on to the front.

由于風刮得很大，我們費力地往前線進發。

2)with +賓語+過去分詞(past participle)

①The child was crying with the glasses broken.

眼鏡破了，那小孩哭了起來。

②With all the work finished, they hurried back home for lunch.

所有的工作都做完了，他們匆忙回家吃午飯。

3)with +賓語+不定式

①With a lot of work to do, we had to be busy working day and night.

有這么多的工作要做，我們只得日夜忙碌。

②With many things to deal with, I have to stop listening to the light music.

有許多事要處理，我只好停止收聽輕音樂。

4)with +賓語+介詞短語

①The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

老師手中拿著一本書走進教室。

②She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.

她看到一條小河，兩岸長滿了紅花綠草。

5)with +賓語+形容詞(或副詞)

①Don't sleep with the door and windows open.

不要開著門窗睡覺。

②Tian An Men Square looks even more beautiful with all lights on.

所有的燈都亮著，天安門廣場顯得更加漂亮。

【注意】“with +復合賓語”在句中既可以用作狀語表示方式或伴隨動作，又可以用作定語。例如：

①The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.

老師手里拿了一本書走進了教室。

②With a boy leading the way, we had little trouble in finding the old man's house.

一個男孩帶路，我們不難就找到了那位老人的家。

③The teacher with a book in his hand is a new English teacher.

手里拿著一本書的那位老師是一位新來的英語老師。

④The wounded soldier with an old man leading the way got to the hospital very soon.

由一位老人帶路的那個傷員很快就到達了醫院。

3．It is + adj. +(for sb.)to do sth.

此句型是一個很有用的句型，其中it充當形式主語，真正的主語是不定式短語“(for sb.) to do sth.”。例如：

①It is possible for you to work out the problem.

你們有可能解出這道題。

②It is important(for us) to finish the work this week.

(我們)在本周內完成這項工作很重要。

③It's not easy to understand what she said.

她所說的話不容易理解。

4．動詞-ing形式的句法結構

1)-ing形式用作主語，也可以用it作為形式主語，真正的主語(即動詞-ing短語)放在后面。例如：

①Teaching English at middle school is my full-time job.

教英語是我的專職工作。

②It is no use crying over spilt milk.

牛奶灑地，哭也無益。

③In some Arabian countries, shaking one's head from side to side means agreement.

在一些阿拉伯國家，搖頭表示同意。

④Knowing some other languages is a great help to us.

懂得些其他的語言對我們來說是有很大幫助的。

2)-ing短語用作狀語，表示方式或伴隨動作。例如：

①They stood there, talking and laughing.

他們站在那兒，又說又笑。

②It's not difficult to solve such problems, following the teacher's advice.

按照老師的建議來解決這類問題就不困難了。

③They sat in the classroom, listening to the teacher's lecture.

他們坐在教室里，聽老師講課。

④I waited at the entrance to the railway station, hoping to meet one of my friends.

我站在火車站入口，期望接到我的一個朋友。

3)-ing用作定語時的情況。單獨作定語時，放在它所修飾的名詞前面；和狀語或賓語一起構成短語作定語時，總是放在它所修飾的名詞后面，其作用相當于一個定語從句。例如：

①China is a developing country.

(=…which is developing.)

中國是一個發展中的國家。

②Who is the boy lying on the ground?

(=…who is lying on the ground.)

躺在地上的那個男孩是誰？

③They are building a road leading to our village.

(=…which leads to our village.)

他們正在修建一條通往我們村莊的公路。

④The rising sun looks very beautiful.

初升的太陽看起來真美麗。

⑤The sun setting in the west looks even more beautiful.

西沉的太陽看起來更美。

⑥The people smoking are not welcome here.

抽煙的人在這兒是不受歡迎的。

⑦I can't see clearly those standing at the back.

我看不清站到后面去的那些人。

⑧Who is the one crying?

正在哭的那個人是誰？

⑨ The woman getting married is a famous singer.

結婚的那位婦女是一位著名歌手。

⑩Do you know the comrade shaking hands with our English teacher?

你認識和我們老師握手的那位同志嗎？

That tourist looking at her map can play four musical instruments.

那位看地圖的游客能夠演奏四種樂器。

The boy singing now is a classmate of mine.

那位正在唱歌的男孩是我的一位同學。

4)動詞-ing形式用作賓語補足語

在感官動詞后面通常可以跟動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語，常用的感官動詞有：see, hear, notice, watch, listen to, observe 等。例如：

①I saw them walking along the river yesterday evening.

我昨天傍晚看見他們沿河散步。

②You can notice them dancing to the light music on the square every morning.

每天早晨你都有可能看到他們在廣場伴隨著輕音樂跳舞。

③ We watched the army marching down the street towards the park.

我們看到部隊沿著大街朝公園行進。

④I counted the people entering the hall, and there were 68 of them.

我點數著人們進入大廳，共有六十八位。

⑤We heard them practising singing English songs in the nest room.

我們聽見他們在隔壁房間里練習演唱英語歌曲。