單元考點(diǎn)提示
1. 詞匯:
although, believe, necessary, greatly, correct, form, repair, complete, information, improve, a waste of time, make a decision, bring down, thanks to, keep a record of, at one time, make a plan for, go up, the information on the computers, prefer to travel by air, shooting, gold, unusual, prize, have sports, horse-riding, in modern times,take part in, hand in, every four days, more and more, do one’s best to do sth .
2.句型：
(1)And it’s bigger, although it’s more expensive.
(2)Can you try to get them to bring down the price?
(3)You might not be able to...until three days...
(4)It’s much easier to make plans for your trips.
(5)I prefer horse-riding to shooting.
(6)After that more and more countries joined in the game.
(7)They do their best to win medals.
(8)The place I used to go to is 7 kilometres away.
(9)the same as.../the same... as...
3.交際用語：
(1)In my opinion, we should...
(2)What’s your opinion?
(3)I believe we should...
(4)I don’t think it’s necessary to buy.
(5)We must decide...
(6)I hope we can make a decision.
(7)Which do you prefer,...or...
(8)I prefer...to...
(9)Do you often have sports at school?
(10)Would you please let me know when...
(11)My favourite sport is...
考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1.bring短語歸納
bring down(風(fēng))刮倒，降低（降落）；bring up 養(yǎng)大，嘔吐；bring about帶來，引起；bring along捎來，帶來，bring back 歸還；bring out 拿出；bring in 賺（錢），帶進(jìn)，傳入；bring on 端上（飯菜），引起（火災(zāi)），使……成長；
[應(yīng)用]副詞填空
①He felt terribly ill and brought ______ what he ate.
②Surely the new railway will bring ______ many changes
in this less developed area.
③Next time you come to China, be sure to bring ______your
friends.
④All the library books must be brought_______ before June20.
⑤Selling newspapers brings ______ enough money for my
schooling.
⑥Enough water can bring the rice _______ .
Key: ①up ②about ③along ④back ⑤in ⑥on
2.動詞 + up
go up(物價等)上漲，上升；build(up)one’s health使身體強(qiáng)壯；turn up 出席，到場，開大音量；divide up 分配；分給；set up 建立；come up走近，發(fā)芽；pick up 拾起，用車接，收聽（節(jié)目）;send up發(fā)射；get up 起床；grow up 長大；look up仰望，查閱；eat up 吃光；drink up喝光；use up用光；stay/sit up熬夜；give up放棄；take up占空間，從事，開始干；keep up保持，繼續(xù)；put up舉起，建起；hang up掛起來；hold up舉起；join up 連接起來；rise up奮起反抗；move up向前移動；lift up扶起;do up包，捆；hurry up趕快；call up 打電話；break up拆散，破裂;make up組成，化妝，編造；bring up撫養(yǎng)大；dress up打扮；add up加起來；warm up變暖，熱身。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①物價在天天上漲。
Prices are_____ _____ day after day.
②衣服常常掛在火爐附近。
The clothes are often_______ ______ near a fire.
③媽媽的把孩子扶起來，領(lǐng)走了。
The mother_____ the baby______ and took him away.
④他到鄉(xiāng)下呆了一段時間，身體好了起來。
He went and stayed in the countryside for a period of time and _____ ______ ______ _______.
Key: ①going, up
②hung, up
③lifted, up
④built, up, his, health
3.否定轉(zhuǎn)移
I/We think, believe,suppose, imagine接賓語從句時，通常否定主句謂語;但變反意問句時，卻必須和從句的人稱、謂語保持一致，而且要考慮主句中有無 not。如：I don’t think she is right,isn’t?/I believe that they will win the match, won’t they?
[應(yīng)用]漢譯英
①我猜今天夜里不會有雨。
②我們認(rèn)為美國不會贊同我們的和平計劃。
Key:
①I don’t suppose there will be rain this night.
②We don’t think America will agree to our peace plan.
4.change
1)用作動詞
①表示“改換，更改”
change one’s clothes換衣服；
Change places with me, please.
請和我換一下座位。
②表示“換車”
Passengers to London will change at this station into another train.
到倫敦的游客在此站換車。
③表示“兌換錢”
She changed her money before going abroad.
出國前她已將錢兌換妥當(dāng)。
④表示“改變”
I have made up my mind and nothing will change it.
我主意已定，什么也無法改變。
⑤用于change into,表示“變成”
Ice changes into water rapidly on a hot day.
熱天里冰很快就化成水。
⑥用于chang...into,表示“ 把……變成”
We can change water into steam by heat.
我們可以通過加熱把水變成蒸氣。
⑦用于change...for,表示“把……換成（替代）”change it for
a bigger one
把它換成大一點(diǎn)的；
change his old car for a new one.
把舊車換成新的。
⑧用于change from...to, 表示“由……變成”
change from ice to water由冰變成水。
2)用作名詞：
①用于make a change,表示“修改，改變”，a 可換成any,some,no.如：
We have made some changes in our plan for travel.
我們把旅行計劃作了一些修改。
The poem seems perfect. We won’t make any change.
這首詩看來很完美，我們不會再作任何修改。
②與take place連用，表示“發(fā)生變化”
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。
③表示“零錢”，不可數(shù)
Do you have any change on you?
你身上有零錢嗎？
[應(yīng)用]單句改錯
①I seldom carry changes with me. You’ve to change your note in a bank.
②Your coat is too old. Change it into a new one ,please.
③In autumn the leaves change green to brown.
④Some change are to be made in the report.
Key: ①改changes為change
②改into為for
③在change后加from
④改change為changes
5.improve
1)用作及物動詞，意為“改善，使更好，增進(jìn)，提高”。如：
improve one’s English/the living conditions/one’s method of study/oneself in maths提高英語水平/改善居住條件/改進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)方法/提高教學(xué)水平。
2)用作不及物動詞，意為“變得更好，增加�！比纾�
After two days’ rest his health is improving.
經(jīng)過兩天的休息，他的健康狀況在好轉(zhuǎn)。
3)用作名詞：improvement of soil土壤改良；make improvement in 在某方面作出改進(jìn)
[應(yīng)用]一句多譯
①他的中文水平在不斷提高。
②這篇文章你最好有所改進(jìn)。
Key:
①His Chinese is improving./He is improving his Chinese.
②You’d better improve your article./You’d better make
improvement in your article.
6.常用的單位量詞
a piece of diary一則日記；a sheet of paper 一張紙；a suit
of clothes一套服裝；an article of clothing一件衣服；a crowd
of people一群人；a basin of water 一盆水;a block of wood一塊木頭；a cake of soap 一塊肥皂；a bottle of ink一瓶墨水；a grain of sand 一粒沙子；a group of tall trees 一片高樹；a team of players一隊運(yùn)動員；a copy of China Youth 一分《中國青年》；a drop of oil 一滴油；a loaf of bread一塊面包；a pack of cigarettes一包煙；a pair of socks一雙短襪；a tin of beer一罐啤酒；a set of equipment一套設(shè)備；a bucket of water一桶水；a couple of eggs兩個雞蛋；a pile of old books 一堆舊書；a bowl of rice 一碗米飯；a handful of sand一把（少量的）沙
注意：上述單位量詞本身具有復(fù)數(shù)形式，亦可被具體數(shù)字修飾，句中的謂語多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
[應(yīng)用]漢譯英
①搬家時成堆的舊書被賣掉。
②三條重要新聞刊登在頭版。
Key:
①Piles of old books were sold when we moved.
②Three pieces of important news were printed in the front page.
7.complete, finish
二個詞都有“完成”之意，但complete更突出使一切完備、沒有欠缺、多指完成工程、設(shè)計等。而finish是一般用語。常用短語有：complete the work完成工作；complete the new railway 修完鐵路；complete one’s collection of stamps完備集郵；finish one’s homework/middle school/writing the article 完成作業(yè)/中學(xué)畢業(yè)/寫完文章。
注意：complete還可用作形容詞，意為“完全的，徹底的、完成了的”。completely 是副詞，“完全地、徹底地”。如：a complete sentence/strange/success/failure完整的句子/完全陌生/完全成功/徹底的失敗。This job is completely new to me.這項(xiàng)工作對我來說是完全陌生的。
[應(yīng)用]單句改錯
①You have to finish to read the whole passage in five
minutes.
②Professor Smith has been complete successful in working out the problem.
Key:
①改to read為reading,因?yàn)閒inish后只能接動名詞。
②改complete為completely。
8.necessary
necessary主要用于兩種句型：①It’s necessary for sb. to do
sth.某人有必要做某事②It’s necessary that…有必要……。注意：that從句中謂語用should + 動詞原型，should 可省略。另外：不能使用sb. is necessary to do 結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)橥ǔＪ恰澳呈禄蜃瞿呈掠斜匾�，而非人有必要。誤：He is necessary to return home this afternoon. 正：It’s necessary for him to return home this afternoon.
[應(yīng)用]漢譯英
①他有必要改進(jìn)自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法。
②有必要的話，我們可以多雇幾個人收莊稼。
Key:
①It’s necessary for him to improve his method of study:/It’s necessary that the should improve his method of study。
②If necessary,we’ll employ more men for the harvest.
9.repair
1)用作名詞，表示“修理，維修”。
①可用單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式，但不和數(shù)詞或不定冠詞連用。This car
needs a lot of repairs before you can use it. 這部汽車需要大修之后才能使用。/The repair of the ship cost much money.這艘輪船的修理花了很多錢。
②短語：make repairs/do repairs 修理（必須用復(fù)數(shù)）；under repair 在修理；be out of repair失修
2)用作動詞，仍作“修理、維修”解。
注意：repair,mend,fix三者的區(qū)別。
①repair多指修理的物體較龐大，構(gòu)造較復(fù)雜或損壞嚴(yán)重的東西。如：repair a bridge/house/car/TV set/watch修橋/房子/汽車/電視/手表。 習(xí)慣上可用于指補(bǔ)鞋，但不用于指補(bǔ)衣服。
②mend 多用于指修理的物體較小，結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單的日常用具，或縫補(bǔ)衣服、襪子等。如：mend a shoe/sock/basket/box/pen補(bǔ)鞋/襪子/籃球/修補(bǔ)箱子/修鋼筆。
③fix 是美國英語，可與repair替換。如：fix a machine/chair/typewriter修機(jī)器/椅子/打字機(jī)。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①游泳池今天不開放，因?yàn)檎诰S修。
The swimming pool won’t be open today because they are_____.
②這座房子已經(jīng)是年久失修了。
This house has been____ ______ _____ for many years。
③你過不去，大橋正在維修。
You can’t go through because the bridge is _____ _____.
Key:①making, repairs
②out,of, repair
③under repair或:being, repaired
10.表示“決心、決定做”的幾個用法
1)decide to do 決定做
We decided to put off the trip to the U.S.我們決定推遲美國之行。
2)make a decision to do ：
He has made a decision to buy a new computer.
他已決定買一臺新電腦。
3)make up one’s mind to do
The doctor made up his mind to go abroad for further education.
那位醫(yī)生決定出國深造。
4)determine to do
We have determined to get the work done before National Day.
我們已決定國慶節(jié)前完成這項(xiàng)工作。
5)be determined to do
He is determined to give up smoking.
他決心戒煙。
6)decide that……(從句中動詞用should + 動詞原形)
We decided that we should widen the road.
我們決定拓寬這條路。
[應(yīng)用]一句多譯：這位年輕科學(xué)家決心繼續(xù)自己的研究。
Key:
The young scientist was determined to go on with his
research./He determined to go on with his research./He
decided that he should go on with his research./He made up
his mind to go on with his research./He made a decision to go on with his research./He decided to go on with his research.
11.welcome
1)welcome sb.warmly/give sb.a warm welcome熱烈歡迎某人；have a rather cold welcome 受到冷遇
2)You are welcome to …歡迎光臨某地；Welcome to China.歡迎到中國來；You are welcome. 不用謝，別客氣（回答感謝）。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①我們沒料到他們會如此熱烈地歡迎我們。
We didn’t expect that they_____ us such a warm _____.
②歡迎你們到我們學(xué)校來。
You are ____ _____ our school.
Key: ①gave, welcome
②welcome,to
12.疑問詞 +不定式
what ,how, when,where,whether,which等疑問詞 + 不定式構(gòu)成的短語相當(dāng)于名詞從句，多用在ask,decide,know, tell, explain, find out, consider, wonder后作賓語，可以改換成相應(yīng)意義的賓語從句對比:
①Please show us how to use it./Please show us how we will use it.
請為我們示范一下如何使用。
②We don’t know whether to accept his invitation./We don’t
know whether we should accept his invitation.
我們不知道是否應(yīng)該接受他的邀請。
[應(yīng)用]填空
①There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind______ to buy.(MET’92)
A what B.which C.how D.where
②Last summer I took a course on _______.(MET’90)
A.how to make dresses
B．how dresses be made
C.how to be made dresses
D.how dresses to be made
Key:①B ②A
13.hold短語歸納
hold one’s hand 抓住某人的手；hold me by the arm抓住我的胳臂；hold one’s breath屏住氣；hold back one’s tears 忍住淚水；hold a meeting 開會；hold 100 passengers容納100名乘客；hold a position守住陣地；hold back 阻止；hold one’s head high昂首，趾高氣揚(yáng)；hold up the wounded part 抬高受傷的部位； hold it tight 抓緊；hold everything in secret 對一切都保密；catch/get/take hold of a rope 抓住繩子；hold a child in one’s arms 懷抱孩子；hold a final examination舉行期末考試
[應(yīng)用]介、副詞填空
①Nothing can hold______the wheel of the history.
②I held her _____ the hand and tried to follow her.
③He was saved by taking hold______ the big stick.
④Please hold______ your hand if you have any questions to ask.
Key: ①back ②by ③of ④up
14.time
1)表示“時間”，不可數(shù)
most of the time 大部分時間;enough time 足夠的時間；ahead of time 提前；spare time 抽出時間；spend time 度過時間;take some time 花一些時間；pass time 度過一段時間；waste time 浪費(fèi)時間；devote time in時間用在某方面；save time 節(jié)省時間
2)表示“次數(shù)，倍”解，是可數(shù)名詞，有單復(fù)數(shù)
three times 三次；how many times 幾次；five times as large as…五倍的大小；this time 這一次；last time 上一次；next time 下一次；each/every time 每一次；for the first time 第一次；
3)表示“時代，時報”多用復(fù)數(shù)形式
in the old times 在古時候；in ancient/modern times 在古代/現(xiàn)代；in one’s time 在某人那個時代；be ahead of one’s time 在時代面前；at the time of 在……時代；New York Times紐約時報
注意：have a good time 過得愉快，have a hard time/have hard times 日子過得艱難
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①每次我去見他，他都忙著工作。
____ _____ I called on him, he was busy with his work.
②這是我第一次來到北京。
This is ______ ______ _____ _____ I have been to Beijing.
③她那個時候婦女不能上學(xué)。
______ _____ ______ women could not go to school.
④六十年代那里的人們?nèi)兆舆^得很艱難。
In the 1960’s the people there_____ _____ _____.
Key: ①Each, time ②the, first, time,that ③In, her, time,
④had, hard,times
15.比較級 + and + 比較級
more and more countries 越來越多的國家；fewer and fewer students越來越少的學(xué)生；less and less time 越來越少的時間；more and more beautiful越來越漂亮；get thinner and thinner 變得越來越瘦；fly higher and higher 飛得越來越高；run more and more slowly跑得越來越慢，become stronger and stronger 越來越強(qiáng)大;
[應(yīng)用]漢譯英
①越來越多的人認(rèn)識到學(xué)好一門外語的重要性。
②飛機(jī)飛得越來越高直到看不見了。
Key:
①M(fèi)ore and more people realize the importance of
learning a foreigh language well.
②The plane flew higher and higher until it was out of
sight.
16.be on
on 表明所處的狀態(tài)，意為“為……工作，在……服務(wù)”可用be a member of, work for, belong to 替換。
I’m on the school team.
我屬于校隊。
She is on Times newspaper.
她在時代報社工作。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子，上下句同意
①Which team do you belong to ?
Which team______you_____?
②She is a member of the city team.
She______ ______ the city team.
Key: ①are,on ②is, on
17.prefer寧愿，更喜歡
1)接名詞、代詞
Which do you prefer, rice or bread? I would prefer rice.
米飯和面包你更愿意吃什么？我寧愿吃米飯。
2)接不定式
Jake preferred to have some Chinese food.
杰克更喜歡吃中餐。
3)接動名詞
I prefer doing some writing in my spare time.
我更喜歡業(yè)余時間寫點(diǎn)什么。
4)跟不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
I should prefer you not to stay there too long.
我希望你不要在那里呆太久。
5)接that從句（從句中用should型虛擬語氣）
We prefer that we (should)have the discussion after the lecture.
我們寧愿一聽完課就討論。
6)用于特殊句型：
①prefer…to…寧愿……不愿，與……相比更喜歡（后接名詞、代詞、動名詞）
I prefer popular songs to folk songs.
和民歌相比我更喜歡流行歌曲。
She prefers singing to dancing.
跳舞和唱歌她更喜歡唱歌。
②prefer-rather than…寧愿……而不愿（prefer后接帶to 的不定式，rather than后省略to）
I prefer to write my letter rather than type it.
我寧愿寫而不愿打印這封信。
7)注意點(diǎn)
①prefer后接to,不使用than.
②由于 prefer本身含“比較，更”之意，不用more,most修飾。
誤：Which do you prefer most?
正：Which do you prefer?
誤：I prefer tea more to coffee.
正：I prefer tea to coffee.
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①Rather than_____on a crowded bus,he always prefers_____a
bicycle.(MET’94)
A.ride, rode B.riding, ride
C.ride, to ride D.to ride, riding
②They would prefer_____ with them.
A.her not going B.her not to go
C.she didn’t D.she not to go
Key:①C ②B
18.game,race, match
三個詞都有“比賽”之意。game通常指“游戲、比賽”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式往往指大型運(yùn)動會。race多指賽跑，賽馬、賽車、賽船等運(yùn)動。match指競技比賽。
[應(yīng)用]英譯漢
①play games
②play a game of basketball
③the Asian Games
④horse race.
⑤a 1,500-metre race
⑥r(nóng)un a race
⑦h(yuǎn)ave a volleyball match
⑧watch a match
Key:①做游戲，比賽 ②進(jìn)行一次籃球比賽 ③亞運(yùn)會 ④賽馬 ⑤一千五百米賽跑 ⑥賽跑 ⑦舉行排球比賽 ⑧觀看比賽
20．-ing或-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞
由-ing或-ed結(jié)尾的分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞，其意義不同。由-ing結(jié)尾的通常表示“某事/物令人感到……”；而-ed結(jié)尾的則表示被修飾詞自身的感受。常用的有：exciting令人激動的；excited 激動的，興奮的；astonishing 令人驚訝的；astonished 驚訝的；deighting 令人高興的；delighted高興的；disappointing令人失望的；disappointed感到失望的；encouraging令人鼓舞的；encouraged 受到鼓舞的；frightening令人可怕的；frightened嚇壞了的；interesting令人感興趣的；interested感興趣的；moving動人的；moved受感動的；pleasing令人滿意的；pleased滿意的；shocking令人震驚的; shocked感到震驚；tiring使人疲備的；tired 疲勞的；worrying令人擔(dān)心的；worried 擔(dān)心的；satisfying 令人滿意的；satisfied感到滿意的。
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
①The young lady stood________ for a moment when she saw
a beggar before her suddenly.
A.surprising B.to surprise
C.surprised D.having surprised
②She took a deep breath to calm herself,but her voice
still sounded________.
A.excitement B.excited
C.exciting D.excitedly
③He had spent a ______ day.
A.more worry B.most worrying
C.more worrying D.more worried
④The tiring trip made all of us rather_______.
A.tiring B.tired C.tire D.to be tired
Key:①C。主語是人。
②B。句子的涵義是：Her voice showed that she was still
excited.
③C ④B
經(jīng)典名題導(dǎo)解
1.If______, we’ll go.
A.necessary B.being necessary
C.to be necessary D.it necessary
解析：此題考題“it+形容詞或分詞”作狀語的結(jié)構(gòu)。在英語中由if it is+adj引起的條件從句可以省略it is,直接用“if+adj或分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來代替類似的用法是when和while引起的時間從句中也可用“when/while+adj或分詞”來代替“when/while it is...句型”。本題答案為A。
點(diǎn)評：解這類題時應(yīng)注意“if/when/while+adj/分詞”在句中應(yīng)作狀語，如用作其他成分不一定成立。
又如：When possible,I’ll help you with your English.
While waiting for you, I read newspapers.
2.At what time shall we______?
A.reach B.arrive C.get to D.arrive in
解析：此題考查reach, arrive,get to等詞的用法。reach是一個及物動詞，get to 也是一個及物動詞短語，表示“到達(dá)某地”時后面都應(yīng)該加上一個賓語。而arrive 是一個不及物動詞，后面可以不用賓語，如表示到達(dá)某地則用arrive in/at。本題答案為B。
點(diǎn)評：解答此類題時學(xué)生應(yīng)辨明動詞的及物性。
又如：They arrived in Beijing yesterday.
3._____to call.
A.You are enough B.You are so kind
C.It’s very kind of you D.It’s kind for you
解析：此題考查it is+adj+of/for sb.to do sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)。在“it is+adj+of/for sb.to do sth.”的結(jié)構(gòu)中。介詞的使用很容易出現(xiàn)差錯。一般來說如形容詞是用來修飾人、表示人的特性特征的話用介詞of ,如形容詞是用來修飾to do sth.的話用介詞for。故本題答案用C。
點(diǎn)評：解這類題時應(yīng)特別注意形容詞在句中修飾的成分。
又如: It is important for them to get up early in the morning.
It is necessary for us to learn computer.
4.Is this factory _______ he worked in last year?
A.that B.which C.the one D.where
解析：此題考查的是定語從句的用法。定語從句是本單元的重點(diǎn)語法內(nèi)容。定語從句應(yīng)有先行詞，但本句話沒有先行詞，故本題正確答案為C。
點(diǎn)評：解這類題時，有的學(xué)生會將this factory 當(dāng)作先行詞而誤用that或which,但本句為一般疑問句，因此this factory 為主句主語。若將此句改為Is this the factory-he worked in last year?則用that或which.
5.This is the library______ we can borrow books.
A.which B.that C.from which D.in which
解析：此題考查的是定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法。關(guān)系代詞在句子中的選擇要根據(jù)先行詞在從句中的作用（即充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞郑﹣頉Q定。其基本規(guī)律是先行詞在從句中作主語或賓語時用that/who 或 which,作介詞賓語時用介詞+which或介詞+whom（人）。本句意思是“我們可以從這家圖書館借到書�！惫视媒樵~+which (物)。所以本題答案為C。
點(diǎn)評：學(xué)生在答題時，一定要牢記定語從句的先行詞在從句中一定要充當(dāng)一個句子成分從而選擇正確的答案。