[教學(xué)目的]強(qiáng)化所學(xué)知識(shí)，溫故知新，掌握一定的解題方法。
[教學(xué)重點(diǎn)]掌握重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語(yǔ)。
[教學(xué)難點(diǎn)]同義詞辨析
[重點(diǎn)詞匯]：promise, pretend, offer, refuse, come out, include(contain), develop, describe, remove, support, cross, character, press, print, tie,
[重點(diǎn)詞組]：pick up, agree to sth., lie to sb., throw away, call at, at the same time
enjoy doing, look down upon, to everyone’s surprise, find out, come out, cut…into, find out, the rest of., by doing sth., be+ adj.+ to do.
[重點(diǎn)句型和交際用語(yǔ)]：1. It seems that…. 6. I’m not sure.
2. I don’t think so. 7. Do you call that…?
3. That’s not fair. 8. How did… come out?
4. I believe…. 9. What’s the problem with…?
5. I guess…. 10. too+adj.+for sb./sth…(to do)
課時(shí)安排：第一課時(shí)：知識(shí)梳理
第二課時(shí)：詞語(yǔ)歸納、拓展
第三課時(shí)：創(chuàng)新跨越訓(xùn)練
第四、五課時(shí)：《導(dǎo)學(xué)教程》練習(xí)
[重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)詳解]
1. 1)agree with “同意,贊成” ，后接人或表示“意見(jiàn)；觀點(diǎn)；看法”的詞。
1>You’d better agree with your boss/her. 你最好還是同意老板/她的意見(jiàn)。
2>I completely agree with your views on this point. 在這一點(diǎn)上，我完全同意你的看法。
3>They don’t quite agree with my-methods(opinions,idea). 他們不太贊成我的辦法。
>>agree with還可表示“與 一致”（氣候，食物等）適合。
1>The verb must agree with the subject in person and number.動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語(yǔ)一致。
2>The climate here doesn’t agree with me. 這兒的氣候我不適應(yīng)。
2)agree to意為“同意 贊成”，后接表“提議；安排；計(jì)劃”等的詞。
1>Both of them agreed to my plan(proposal/suggestion) about the travel.
他們兩個(gè)都同意我提出的關(guān)于旅行的計(jì)劃（提議/建議）。
3)agree on“對(duì) 取得一致意見(jiàn)；在 方面同意或意見(jiàn)一致”，后常跟表具體的協(xié)議的文件、計(jì)劃、行動(dòng)等的名詞。
1>Both parties agreed on the terms of the contract.雙方就合同中的條款達(dá)成了一致意見(jiàn)。
4)agree to do sth.“同意做某事”
1>We agree to go there.
2>He agree not to attend the meeting.
5)agree + that表示“一致認(rèn)為，同意”
1>We all agree that his idea is a fine one.我們一致認(rèn)為他的主意不錯(cuò)。
2. cross
1)adj. 脾氣不好的，易怒的
1>He has never heard cross words from his wife.他從妻子那里從沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)過(guò)氣話。
2) vt. 跨過(guò)，穿過(guò)
1>If you cross the street alone, please be careful.你自己過(guò)馬路，一定要當(dāng)心。
3) n. 十字，十字架
1>The question is marked with a cross.那個(gè)問(wèn)題被標(biāo)了個(gè)十字。
3. pretend vt. + to do/that-clause（不定式和從句作賓語(yǔ)）
1> He lay down on the ground and pretended to be dead when the bear came near.
當(dāng)熊走進(jìn)時(shí)，他躺在地上裝死。
2> She pretended not to have seen me when I saw her.
當(dāng)我看到她時(shí)，她假裝沒(méi)看到我。
3> They pretended to be working hard when the old man entered the room.
當(dāng)老人走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，他們假裝在努力工作。
4> I pretended not to know the secret.
我裝著不知道這個(gè)秘密。
5> Before the enemy, he pretended that he didn’t know me.
在敵人面前，他假裝不認(rèn)識(shí)我。
6> Please don’t pretend that you know everything.
請(qǐng)你不要裝著你什么都懂。
3．refuse vt. + n./pron./to do
1>She was sorry to refuse his invitation to the party.
她不好意思地拒絕了他發(fā)出的參加晚會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)。
2>He refused my help, and tried his best to do it himself.
他拒絕了我的幫助， 盡力自己干了起來(lái)。
3>they refuses to tell us their address and telephone number.
他們拒絕告訴我們他們的地址和電話號(hào)碼。
4>I received an invitation yesterday but I refused to accept it.
昨天我收到了一份請(qǐng)貼， 但我拒不接受。
refuse+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
1>He refused me money.他不肯給我錢。
4．guess
1)動(dòng)詞guess 可直接帶賓語(yǔ)，也可接at 介詞短語(yǔ)，可接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)或that從句。
1> Can you guess (at) the price?
2> Can you guess (at) his age?
3> I guess her to be over thirty.=I guess that she is over thirty.
注：習(xí)慣上在名詞answer 或it前不用at。如：He guessed the right answer.（他猜出了正確答案。）You guess it.（你猜猜看。）
注：give a guess或 make a guess均表示“作一猜測(cè)”的意思。
2)guess 可用來(lái)表示“覺(jué)得”，“認(rèn)為”，=think
1>I guess men’s hands and fingers are too big!
2>I guess it’s going to rain soon.
注：believe, suppose, guess, find, feel許多時(shí)候可接 that從句,在意思上相當(dāng)于think。
5. character
1) a Chinese character意為“一個(gè)漢字”。
1>In the beginning (=At first) they used to carve Chinese characters on stones to record important dates in history.
起初他們常常把漢字刻在石頭上以記載歷史上的重要日子。
2) character表示小說(shuō)、戲劇、電影等中的“人物，角色”。
1>I find all the characters in his new play amusing and interesting.
我覺(jué)得他著部新劇中的所有任務(wù)既逗人發(fā)笑又很有趣。
2>Jack was a remarkable character.杰克是個(gè)不尋常的人物。
3) character表示“特征”，“特性”。
1>What is the character of the chemical?這一化學(xué)物質(zhì)有什么特性？
2>The two problems are quite different in character.
這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題在性質(zhì)上是完全不同的。
4)character表示人的“性格”，“品質(zhì)”。
1>He is a man of strong character.他是個(gè)性格剛強(qiáng)的人。
6. past
1) n.過(guò)去
1>He would like people to forget his past.
2)adj.過(guò)去的
1>The past week has been very interesting.
3)adv.（從旁）過(guò)去
1>They went past without noticing the board.
4)prep.過(guò)去，超過(guò)
1>It was five past eleven.
2>She is already past eighteen.
7. tie
1)tie to“捆，綁，拴”，也可引申為“約束，束縛”。
1>he tied the horse to the tree.
2>He is tied to his work all day.他整天都被工作纏著。
2)tie up“捆緊”；“綁起來(lái)”
1>Please tie up all these boxes.
2>The thief was tied up.
3) tie n.“領(lǐng)帶，繩子”，也可引申為使人結(jié)合起來(lái)的某種“關(guān)系”。
1>He was wearing a red tie.
2>Please find me a tie to tie up all these books.
3)We are united by some invisible tie.我們被某種無(wú)形的紐帶連結(jié)在一起。
8.invent
1)invent=create or design something not existing before，“發(fā)明”、“創(chuàng)造”
1>What happened before printing was invented? 在印刷術(shù)發(fā)明以前情況怎么樣？
2>Edison invented the electric light. 愛(ài)迪生發(fā)明了電燈。
[注意]Invent指創(chuàng)造發(fā)明以前不存在的東西或方法，指發(fā)現(xiàn)不為人們所知但大自然實(shí)際存在的事物。
2)invent還可用來(lái)表示“虛構(gòu)”或“捏造”一個(gè)情況，=make up or think of。
1>He invented an excuse for being late.他編造了一個(gè)遲到的借口。
2>The whole story was invented.整個(gè)故事都是虛構(gòu)的。
9.press vt.& vi.按；擠；壓
1>The shoe is pressing my toe.這只鞋擠我的腳趾。
2>If you want to start the computer, press this button.如果你想開(kāi)電腦，請(qǐng)按此按鈕。
3>The little boy pressed his nose against the shop window.
小男孩把鼻子緊貼在櫥窗上。
4> He pressed my hand warmly when we met.我們見(jiàn)面時(shí)他熱情地緊握我的手。
5> I don’t like shoes that press.我不太喜歡太緊的鞋子。
10.print vt. & vi.印，打上印記；印刷，付印，發(fā)表
1>The mark of the boy’s shoes is printed clearly in the mud.
哪個(gè)男孩的鞋印清楚地印在泥上。
2>That terrible accident was printed on my memory.那次可怕的事故牢記在我的心中
3>The top line of this page hasn’t been properly printed.這頁(yè)上端一行印刷得不好。
4>This machine prints 2,000 pages in an hour.這部機(jī)器每小時(shí)印2,000張。
5>The new press prints rapidly.這臺(tái)新的印刷機(jī)印得很快。
11.form
1)form v.“形成”、“建立”、“養(yǎng)成”的意思。
1>These pieces of bamboo or wood were tied together to form a book.
把這些竹片或木片系在一起就成了一本書(shū)。
2>A sentence is formed by putting words together in a proper order.
將單詞以正確的順序排列在一起就形成了一個(gè)句子。
3>Steam forms (is formed)when water boils.水一沸騰，蒸汽就形成了。
4>They formed(=set up) a trade union to organize all the workers.
為了把所有工人組織起來(lái)，他們建立了工會(huì)。
5>We have formed (=set up) a class for beginners in French.
我們成立了一個(gè)法語(yǔ)初級(jí)班。
6> His character was formed in his childhood.他的性格是從小養(yǎng)成的。
7> A good idea formed (was formed) in his mind.他腦子里有了一個(gè)好主意。
[注]form the habit of …=fall/get into the habit of…,在意思上接近。get used to…,表示“養(yǎng)成了 習(xí)慣”。
He has formed the habit of taking notes in class.他已養(yǎng)成了上課記筆記的習(xí)慣。
2) n.“形狀，形態(tài)”；“形式，方式”；“表格”。
1>Ice, snow and steam are different forms of water.冰、雪和蒸汽是水的不同形態(tài)。
2>This verb has two past forms.這個(gè)動(dòng)詞有兩種過(guò)去時(shí)形式。
3>Please fill in the form in ink.請(qǐng)用鋼筆填寫這張表格。
搭配：take the form of…采取…的形式 in any shape or form無(wú)論什么形式
12.include
1)include vt. “包括”、“包含”
1>This plan includes most of your suggestions.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃里包括了你們的大部分建議
2>The group included two engineers and twenty workers.
這個(gè)隊(duì)共有兩名工程師和二十個(gè)工人。
[注] include +doing
My job doesn’t include making coffee for the boss.我的工作并不包括為老板煮咖啡。
2)including 作介詞，后接名詞、代詞或名詞性從句作賓語(yǔ)。 Included用作形容詞，有被動(dòng)含義，應(yīng)放在名詞/代詞之后。試比較：
1>A lot people attended yesterday’s meeting, including 10 foreigners.
2>At least 20 persons got hurt, including 3 policemen.
3>All of us, Gary included, will make a trip to London next week.
13.by+doing “用……方式”、“憑靠……手段”
1>I make a living by teaching English at school.我以在學(xué)校教英語(yǔ)為生。
2>The boss has made a lot of money by selling building materials.
老板（通過(guò)）賣建筑材料賺了很多錢。
3>We can learn spoken English well by pactising speaking English a great deal both in and out of class. 通過(guò)課堂內(nèi)外大量的講英語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練，我們可以學(xué)好英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。
14.promise
1)vt. “答應(yīng)”、“許諾”。
(1)promise+n./pron. promise sth., promise sb. sth.
1>He that promises too much means nothing.許愿太多的人是不打算兌現(xiàn)的。
2>I’m afraid I can’t promise you anything.恐怕我們什么也不能許諾給你。
(2)promise to do sth./promise sb. to do sth.
1>I never promised to obey her orders.我從未答應(yīng)過(guò)要服從她的命令。
2>Promise me never to trouble me again.答應(yīng)我決不再麻煩我。
(3)promise+that-clause,有時(shí)可帶間接賓語(yǔ)。
1>He promised he would never do it again. 他答應(yīng)以后再不這樣干了。 2>He promised that he would pay back the money within two weeks. 他答應(yīng)兩周內(nèi)還錢。
2)vi.
I’ll try to help him out, but I can’t promise.我將盡力幫助他，但我不能許諾。
3)link-verb, “預(yù)示著”、“有可能”
The clear sky promises fine weather tomorrow.請(qǐng)晴朗的天空預(yù)示著明天是個(gè)好天氣
4.n. “諾言”，常作可數(shù)名詞。
1>It’s easy to make a promise.許愿是容易的。
2>I’m sorry for having broken my promise.對(duì)不起，我食言了。
3>Give me your promise that you will never do it again.答應(yīng)我以后再不那樣干了。
[注]make a promise許諾, keep a promise遵守諾言, break a promise.違背諾言
15.too…for… 太過(guò)于
1>The dress is too small for me.
2>The question is too difficult for me.
3>The work was too much for him.
16.back to front穿反了
back to front是合成詞，由“名詞+介詞+名詞”構(gòu)成，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，如果詞與詞之間有連字符連接，相當(dāng)于形容詞。
The old man has on his sweater back to front.
聯(lián)想：face to face 面對(duì)面的back to back背靠背的
side by side肩并肩的 hand in hand手拉手的
shoulder to shoulder肩并肩的 neck to neck齊頭并進(jìn)的，并駕齊驅(qū)的
相似詞語(yǔ)辨析：
1. in surprise, to one’s surprise
1)in surprise意為“驚奇地”常位于動(dòng)詞之后作狀語(yǔ)，表示方式。
1>John turned around and looked at me in surprise.約翰轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，驚奇地望著我。
2>“A farmer?” said the Frenchman in surprise.“農(nóng)夫？”那個(gè)法國(guó)人驚奇地說(shuō)到。
2)to one’s surprise /to the surprise of sb.意為“使人吃驚的是”、“出乎意料地”，常位于句首，作狀語(yǔ)，表示行為的結(jié)果。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
to one’s joy/delight/pleasure使人高興的是
to one’s sorrow使人悲傷的是
to one’s satisfaction使人滿意的是
有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)生某種情感的程度，可在to 后面的名詞前加great, deep 等形容詞或在to前加副詞much。
1>To the surprise of the young couple, they found the necklace missing.
使這對(duì)年輕夫婦驚奇的是， 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)鏈不見(jiàn)了。
2>To their great joy, the sailors saw land at last. 水手們終于見(jiàn)到陸地了， 他們興奮不已。
3>Much to my surprise, she failed in the examination.
使我非常奇怪的是，她考試沒(méi)及格。
2. job, work, works,labour
1)job 常指具體一件工作，是可數(shù)名詞。work泛指所有長(zhǎng)期的或短期的需要體力或腦力的工作，是不可數(shù)名詞，通常與job替換使用。如：
1> He did a lot of useful jobs/work.
2> I can not find work in this town.
3> Thousands of workers lost their jobs when the factory closed.
2)好的工作或特別困難的工作，習(xí)慣上用job,另外，quite a job也是表示特別困難的工作。如：
1>He has a good job in a bank.
2>It was quite a job (a difficult job) finding his lost child.
注：make a good/fine job of sth.做得好。
句型：look for a job尋找工作find a job找到一份工作ask for the job想要這份工作take the job接受這份工作
習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：out of a job失業(yè)on the job工作著，忙碌著倒霉a bad(good)（幸運(yùn)）事 do a job on sb./do sb’s job毀了某人
3)works 著作；作品 the works of Karl Marx卡爾*馬克思的著作
The Complete Works of Lu Hsun 《魯迅全集》works of literature and art文藝作品
>>works （建筑等）工程；[軍]工事；[用作單或復(fù)數(shù)]工廠 e.g. public works公共建筑工程，市政工程the Ministry of Works 建筑工程部 defensive work(s) 防御工事 a cement works水泥廠
>>works活動(dòng)的機(jī)件 e.g. clean the works of a clock擦洗鐘的機(jī)件
>>works （神學(xué)用語(yǔ)）善行，德行
4)labour多指艱苦的、緊張的、勞累的體力勞動(dòng)，也指腦力勞動(dòng)。一般不用來(lái)指具體概念。如：
1>Labour creates the world. 勞動(dòng)創(chuàng)造了世界。
2>He was well paid for his labour. 他干的活得到很好的報(bào)酬。
3. method, way, means
1>二者都可以表示“方法”。way是普通用語(yǔ)，指做事的方法，也可指思想方法，生活方式等。如：
<1>There’s only one way of doing this properly.
<2>The way she spoke hurt me.
<3>What is best way to make tea?
<4>That’s English way of living.
2) method 指系統(tǒng)的、具有一定理論性的方法，強(qiáng)調(diào)條理性和高效率。如：
>>method 后面可接to do sth./of doing sth.
<1>We must improve the method of teaching English.
<2>You should use different methods to solve different problems.
>>如果表達(dá)用什么方法，常用介詞with或by搭配。
If you do it with this method, you’ll succeed.如果你用這種方法做，你會(huì)成功的。
>>way表示用什么方法時(shí)，常與介詞in搭配而means則常與by搭配，也就是說(shuō)in this way, by this means, with/by this method.
3. everyday, every day
1)everyday adj.常用作定語(yǔ)，意為“每日的；日常的”，如： everyday life（日常生活）,everyday English（日常英語(yǔ)）等。 2)every day是名詞詞組，常用作狀語(yǔ)，意為“每天地；天天地”。
1> He can speak everyday English very well.
2> Teaching the students English is my everyday job.
3> I teach the students English every day.
4> The film is about American everyday life.
5> They go to school every day except Sunday.
[典型例題分析]
例1 I would love____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
分析 此題中would love/like后須跟不定式，不接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，由此可排除C 、D。又 would love to do sth.表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望，顯然與本題語(yǔ)境不符，因而排除A 。正確答案為B 。大意為：昨天晚上我本想?yún)⒓幽莻�(gè)晚會(huì)，但我不得不加班了幾個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)完成一份報(bào)告。would love to have done表示希望做但未能做成。
如：I’d like to have come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.昨晚本想來(lái)看你，但有人找我，脫不開(kāi)身。
例2 The house ____ doors and windows are all closed is for sale.
A. of which B. whose C. its D. that
分析 答案為B. 此題中的關(guān)系代詞whose 指物，可與of which 替換，指人時(shí)可與of whom替換。如：
The new machine whose parts (=the parts of which) are too small to be seen is made in Shanghai.零件小得看不見(jiàn)的那部新機(jī)器是上海制造的。
>>如果用of which 代替題干中的whose,應(yīng)寫成：
The house the doors and windows of which are all closed is for sale.
門窗緊閉的那棟房子是出售的。
[高考真題選講]
題1.She pretended _____ me when I passed by. (NMET89)
A. not to see B. no seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
分析 pretend后要跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，不定式的否定形式是在 to 前加not。因此答案為 A 。
題 2 ---Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
---_______.
A. I don’t believe B. I don’t believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not
分析 本題答案為D。注意I believe not是省略形式，其完整的含義是I believe that it isn’t going to rain over the weekend.
題 3 ---_____ the sports meeting might be put off. (NMET95)
---Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told
分析 該題的考試目標(biāo)是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。從it all depends on the weather一句的時(shí)態(tài)和所告知的內(nèi)容可以斷定，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案為A。
題 4 _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It (NMET95)
分析 在英語(yǔ)中為了保持句子平衡，常將較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)放在句尾（常由不定式短語(yǔ)或連接詞引導(dǎo)的從句構(gòu)成）。而將先行詞it置于句首充當(dāng)邏輯主語(yǔ)（或形式主語(yǔ)）。本題中真正的主語(yǔ)是that English is being accepted as an international language. 答案為D。
改錯(cuò)題： (carelessness)
1>He didn’t pass the driving test because of careless. After all, he is still a boy.
2>---How much does the book worth? ---$ 10. (is / worth-cost)
3>Do you still remember that afternoon when we spent together? (when)/-which/that
4> This is the girl his parents are both engineers. (whose)
5> He is ill in bed. Let’s go to call ^ him. (on)
6> To our surprises, he has got a good job in the company. (surprise)
7> At last the agreed with our suggestion about the work. (to)
8> He did do the work very well. That’s because he was praised. (why)
9> It’s very difficult of us to get there in time. (for)
10> The boy wanted to smoke, but his mother told him not ^. (to)
11> He gave me some informations on the computer. (information)
12> She is famous for her works and ^ a writer. (as)
13> Words written on animal bones are difficult to be read. ( be)
14> I’d like to be taking to the cinema to see the film. (taken)
15> ---How long have you studied English? ---From 1990. (Since)
16> Now wood is used to making paper. (make)
對(duì)比填空：
1. job/work/works
1>In our factory he has a ____ as a cook. (job)
2>I have much ____ to do this evening. (work)
3>Teaching English at school is my _____. (job/work)
4>He’s been out of ____ for nearly two years. ( work )
5>The iron and steel ____ was closed for Christmas. (works )
6> The carved figure is an unusual ____ of art. (work)
2. included/including
1>A lot of students were praised at the meeting, Tom ___. ( included )
2>A lot of students were praised at the meeting, ___ Tom. ( including )
3>All kinds of food are ___ in the shopping list. ( included )
4>The rent is 70 dollars a month ___ water and electricity. ( including )
5>The price ____ postage then. ( included )
3. move/remove
1>He was ___ from his position as chairman. ( removed )
2>After entering the room, he ___ his hat and gloves. ( removed )
3>She ____the sofa to the corner. ( moved )
4>Don’t ___ about while I’m taking your phone. ( move )
5>What do you advise for ____ ink from my clothes. ( removing )
6>The audience were deeply ___ by the story. ( moved )
4. problem/question
1>The ____ is too difficult for him to answer. ( question )
2>The ____ is too difficult for him to work out. ( problem )
3>She couldn’t get the job, the ___ is that she’s a woman. ( problem )
4>---Can you make it that we must get there before 6 p.m.?
---No ______. ( problem )
5>There are many social ____ in America now. ( problems )
6>Last period our teacher ____ us on verbs. ( questioned )
單詞拼寫：
1. It’s impossible to stop the d_______ of society. (development)
2. He told all his friends about it, i_______ Jack. (including)
3. The wood f_______ tens of years ago. (formed)
4. I have never seen him and his name is also u_______ to me. (unknown)
5. The pot is made of m_______. (metal)
6. The farmers p_______ the oil from these beans. (pressed)
7. Wait a moment. The papers are being p_____ at present. (printed)
8. The teacher asked us to take out a s___ of paper and write words on it.(sheet)
9. The paper is made from fishing n________. (nets)
10. Is the ________ (發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)) made in China or in Japan? (engine)