Focus on learning

I. Something related to the reading

II. The key words and phrases to be known

III. Functional Items

IV. Language point to the text

V. Grammar

I. Something related to the reading

A. 閱讀（1）

BEIJING 2008

Olympic Games

Meaning of the Olympic rings The colours of the interlinked （連接）Olympic rings were chosen by the International Olympic Committee（委員會）（IOC），to represent the union of the 5 continents : Australia, Africa , America, Asia and Europe and further mean the meeting of the world athleles1 at the Olympic Games.

The white background of the Olympic flag is symbolic 2 . of peace throughout the games . The five colours of the rings from left to right are blue, black and red across the top with yellow and green along the bottom, these colours may be found on most flags of the world and officially hold no other particular meaning, although some believe each colour represents a particular continent. （Blue = Europe , Yellow = Asia , Black = Africa , Green = Australia, Red = America）

The Olympic creed（信條）

The Olympic creed was first stated in 1896 by the founder of the modern Olympic Games, and the words of the creed are as follows: “The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph（成功）but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well.”

The Olympic oath（誓言）

One athlete from the games host country takes an oath at the Opening Ceremony on behalf of 3 all the competing athletes. The Olympic oath is a gesture（表示）of sportsmanship that was first given at the 1920 Olympic Games.

The words of the Olympic oath are: “In the name of all competitors（運動員），I promise that we shall take part in these Olympic Games, respecting and abiding（遵守）by the rules which govern them, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honour of our teams. ”

The Olympic flame and torch （火把）

The Olympic flame is one of the most visible 4 symbols of the modern games. It is a tradition from ancient Greece. During the ancient Games, in Olympia, a holy flame ignited（點燃）by the sun burned continually on the altar（圣壇）of the goddess, Hera.

The modern Olympic flame was first seen in the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics where it burned throughout the games. The tradition of the modern Olympic torch began in 1936 at the Berlin Games, to represent a link between the ancient and modern Olympics, and has since remained as an Olympic custom.

The torch is lit as it was in ancient times by the sun at Olympia, Greece and then passed from runner to runner in a relay （接力跑）to the host city. The flame burns continuously throughout the Games and is put out at the Closing Ceremony. The victory ceremony

At the Ancient Games, winners were presented with a simple olive（橄欖枝）tree branch which was cut with a gold-handled knife from a wild olive tree. The Greeks believed that the energy of the sacred tree was transmitted to the recipient through the branch.

At the modern Games, Olympic medals are presented to the winning athletes. A Gold medal is presented for first place, Silver for second and Bronze for third.

Mark Belso

Vocabulary生詞提示

1. athlete n. 運動員

2. symbolic adj. 象征的

3. on behalf of 代表……

4. visible adj. 明顯的

Multiple Exercise

1. The colors of the interlinked Olympics rings were chose by International Olympics Continents （IOC）（ ）say true or false

2. Which continents do the five colors of rings represent ?

3. The white background of the Olympic flag is symbolic of snow for winter Olympic games （ ）say true or false

4. According to the one of creeds, in our life people should know that the struggle is much more important than triumph. （ ）say true or false

5. Translate the following oath

“In the name of all competitors, I promise that we shall take part in these Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honor of our teams.”

我以所有參賽者的名義宣誓，為體育之光榮及團體之榮譽，我們在奧林匹克運動會的召開過程中將尊重并服從真正體現(xiàn)體育精神的奧運規(guī)則。

6. The modern Olympic flame was first seen in the 1936 Amsterdam Olympic where it burned throughout the games. （ ）say true or false

7. The Greeks believed that the energy of the holy olive tree was passed to the recipient through the branch. （ ）say true or false

答案：

1. F

2. Blue = Europe, Yellow = Asia, Black = Africa, Green = Australia, Red = America

3. F The Olympic flag is symbolic of peace through games.

4. T 6. F in 1928 7. T

B. Some new words related to sports

II. The key words and phrases to be known

Words: BC, AD, continent, well-known, athlete, gold（silver or bronze）, medal, torch, badminton, speed, skating, track and field, tie, final, dive, shooting, Greece, competitor, motto, further, rank, gymnastics prepare, preparation, effect, flame, compete, flag, weight, position, superstar, point, skill, weigh, title, gesture, facial

Phrases: stand for, because of, would rather, take part in, preparation for

III. Functional items（interests and hobbies）

Which do you like …or…? I like watching it.

What’s your favorite sport ? Shooting, I think.

Which sport do you like best ? I like …best.

Which do you prefer, …or…? I prefer…to…

What about…? I’d rather watch it than play it

Are you interested in…? Sure. I love sports.

Background knowledge

IV. Language point to the text

1. Stand for : a letter, number or sign stands for something, it represents it as a short form of a word, a name, or idea.

－－USA stands for the United States of America.

－－What do the letters GRE stand for? They stand for Graduate Record Examination.

Do you know _________________（一顆大星星和四顆小星星代表什么意思？）in China’s national flag ?

2. Congratulations: words saying you are happy that someone has achieved something.

－－“I’ve just passed my driving test!”－－Congratulations!

Congratulations to sb on sth. / congratulate sb on sth

－－My friends congratulated me on my GRE results.

3. Seem: （linking V.）

－－The teacher seems angry to those who are always late for school.

4. Prefer sth to sth/ prefer doing sth to doing sth

－－Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?

－－We Chinese prefer tea to coffee.

－－We prefer playing tables tennis to playing American football.

Prefer to do sth rather than do sth.

－－Now days, TV program is so boring, I prefer to read the novel rather than watch TV.

－－Rather than go out for shopping with my parents, I prefer to play the chess to kill time.

5. Would rather do sth : prefer to do sth

－－Would you rather stay here or go home?

－－I would rather not go home. （would rather not do sth）

－－Ok, I give up my plan. I would rather not quarrel with you.

It’s cold outside. _______________（我寧愿呆在家里。）

Would rather do ……than do sth : prefer to do rather than do sth.

I would rather play the chess to kill time than go out for shopping with my parents.

6. every +基數(shù)＋時間/距離單位：“每隔多少時間距離”,

Every five days（每五天/每隔四天）

every three hours（用三小時/每隔二小時）

every ten metres

every few days每隔幾天

every two days = every second day（每隔一天/每兩天）

every fifth day, every third day / every five days / every three days

－－In order to keep SARS away from him, he takes his temperature every few hours.

The postman takes letter to _____________. （每隔三天到山村去）

7. Take part in:指參加大型活動或會議并在活動中發(fā)揮作用。

Join: 加入某一黨派團體組織并成為一員，或者表示和某人一起做某事. join sb in （doing）sth.

He will ______ in singing the song. （和我們一起）

How many Chinese athletes will _________ （參加下一屆奧運會）？

When did your brother ________（參軍）？

8. Around: about

－－There are around / about 50 students in our class.

Many of the sports were the same as they are now.

The same （…）＋as和…一樣

－－The box is the same as what I saw in the shop.

The same＋名詞＋as在這個句型中，as是關(guān)系代詞，引導定語從句，在從句中充當主語，表語，或賓語。

－－He is doing the same work as I am doing. （賓語）

－－I have the same experience as he has. （賓語）

9. compete（competition/competitor）

to compete in a race 參加賽跑

to compete against / with other people 和他人競爭

to compete for the job競爭工作

A total of eight ___________________（選手在這次百米賽跑中角逐。）

10. allow vt

allow sb to do sth. 允許某人做某事

allow doing sth. 允許做某事

－－They didn’t allow her to go there alone.

－－They do not allow smoking here.

11. Light vi/vt（lit, lit做謂語/lighted, lighted做定語）

－－The fire lit up her face.

－－He went into the dark room with a lighted match in his hand.

12. rank:

－－He ranked the third on the list.

答案：1. the one big star and four smaller stars stand for

5. would rather stay at home

6. the mountain village every four days

7. join take part in next Olympic Games?

join in army

9. athletes will compete in the 100－metre race.

Difficulties:

1. In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, ranking the third of all the competing countries.

動詞ing形式作狀語，表結(jié)果

－－The fire lasted five hours, causing many deaths. （大火燒了57個小時，導致了許多死亡。）

He felt nervous, not knowing what to say. （他很緊張，不知道說什么。）

2. The old Olympic Games from which the modern game, come began around the year 776 BC in Greece.

Some of the games in which the young men compete were : running, jumping and wrestling.

Preposition + which（clause）

如何選擇結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞

A. 根據(jù)從句中謂語動詞的搭配習慣

This is the dictionary on which I spent 50 yuan. （spent…on）

This is the dictionary for which I paid 50 yuan. （pay…for）

This is the dictionary in which I can look up new words we don’t know. （look up new words in…）

B. 根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習慣

I remember the day on which I joined the army. （On this day, I joined the army. ）

I remember the days during which I lived there. （I lived there during the days.）

I remember the month in which I stayed there. （_____________________）

The person to whom we’ll write is Mr. Wang. （The person is Mr. Wang. We___________.）

3. Yao Ming has more than just size. （姚明不僅僅人高馬大）“more than”在不同的句子有不同的意思。

（1）more than很，更加They were more than willing to help you

（2）more than + clause難以 Some of the stories were really more than could be believed.

（3）more+adj/adv than……The child was more frightened than hurt.

（4）no more than不到，只…It costs him no more than one dollar a week.

（5）no more…than…兩者都不. He is no more able to speak French than I am.

答案：

（3）小孩更多是受到驚嚇，并沒有受多少傷

（4）一周只花了他1美元

（5）他和我一樣都不會講法語

三. 重難點

1. would rather

（1）Liu Hulan would rather die than surrenden .

（2）Liu Hulan would die than surrender .

（3）I would rather you came tomorrow than today .

（4）I would rather they had finished it yesterday .

2. stand for

（1）P.O stands for Post office or portal order .

（2）She says she’s not going to stand for her own children disobeying hen .

3. over , prep ; adv.

（1）Can you stay over Christmas ?

（2）My grandma is over seventy .

（3）By the time we arrived the meeting was over .

4. farther , further

（1）I can’t walk any farther / further .

（2）We’ll further discuss the matter .

5. Some of the games in which the young men competed were …

compete in … compete for … compete with / against …

（1）How many runners will be competing in the marathon ?

（2）The two teams compete for the championship .

（3）He believed that nobody could compete with him .

n. competition competitor

6. be good at …

（1）She is good at maths .

（2）He is good at playing basketball .

be bad / poor at be strong in be weak in

7. Would you please do … ? Would you please not do … ?

8. play with …

（1）She is playing with a cat .

（2）He is not a man to be played with .

9. … will be preparing to light the Olympic torch to welcome athletes and sports fans from all over the world .

welcome

（1）The President welcomed the prime minister of Japan at the airport .

（2）You are always welcome at our house .

（3）You are welcome to any dictionary .

（4）We received a warm welcome .

10. the same … as … the same … that …

（1）The student has made the same mistake as last time .

（2）This is the same wallet（that）I lost a week ago .

11. time

（1）Yours is ten times the size of mine .

（2）It is the fastest computer of modern times .

（3）in shakespear’s time .

（4）Did you time the speed of that car ?