一、教法建議

【拋磚引玉】

　　同學(xué)們通過閱讀課文“The Maori of New Zealand”和“New Zealand”可以了解毛利人的歷史和新西蘭的史地及風(fēng)土人情。

　　單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

　�、�. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)

　　rat , sweet potato , lamb , apart from , hot spring , rainfall , quality , hilly , seaside , flightless , New Zealander , Oceania , be related to

　�、�. 交際英語

　　Giving advice and making suggestions (表達(dá)建議)

　　1. You’d better not…

　　2. You need to do …

　　3. I think you should do … / You ought to do…

　　4. I suggest that you should do…

　　5. Let’s do…

　　6. Shall we … ?

　　7. What / How about … ?

　　8. Why not … ?

　　9. Why don’t you …?

　　10. I think it would be a great idea to do … .

　　11. May I suggest doing … ?

　　12. Would you like to do … ?

　　13. Have you considered doing … ?

　�、�. 語法學(xué)習(xí)

　　在本單元同學(xué)們要復(fù)習(xí)和歸納句子的成分 -- 賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。另外，對測試中常見的從屬連詞的多義性進(jìn)行歸納。如as可以從下面幾個(gè)角度測試：

　　1 . 表示時(shí)間，意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，隨著”。例如：

　　I met John as I was coming home .

　　As a young man , he joined the army .

　　2 . 表示原因，意思是“由于，因?yàn)椤�。例如�?/p>

　　As he was not well , I decided to go without him .

　　3 . 表示比較，意思是“象……一樣”。例如：

　　I'm as tall as you ( are ) .

　　The work is not so easy as you imagine .

　　4 . 表示方式，意思是“按照，如同”。例如：

　　Do as I do .

　　I have told this story just as it happened .

　　5 . 表示讓步。意思是“雖然，盡管”。注意，as 引導(dǎo)狀語從句表示讓步時(shí)，一定要

　　用倒裝語序。例如：

　　Sick as he was , he came to work .

　　Child as he is , he knows a lot .

　　Much as I like it , I will not buy it .

【指點(diǎn)迷津】

　　高考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考查特點(diǎn)透視

　　分析近幾年的高考英語試題可以發(fā)現(xiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查難度逐年加大，主要體現(xiàn)在試題題干的設(shè)計(jì)具有隱蔽性，考查的角度向細(xì)微化和綜合化方向發(fā)展，下面僅結(jié)合近幾年的高考試題談一下情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查特點(diǎn)：

　　一、題干設(shè)計(jì)巧，使答案具有隱蔽性。

　　試題的題干有時(shí)采用疑問句、祈使句等句式來進(jìn)行命題，這樣的設(shè)計(jì)使答案更具有隱蔽性，增加考生的解題難度，題干設(shè)計(jì)的巧妙給解題造成的一定的障礙性。

　　- Shall we go skating or stay at home?

　　- Which _____ do yourself? ( MET92 )

　　A . do you rather B . would you rather C . will you rather D . should you rather

　�。� 釋疑 ］答案選B。該題旨在考查學(xué)生對情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“would rather” 的掌握情況。若該題采用陳述句來進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，很容易就能選出正確答案，因?yàn)榭忌鷮Α皐ould rather”這一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都能掌握。但該題在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)采用疑問句式，這樣就給考生增加了解題難度，如果考生不能循其結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析就會選錯(cuò)答案。因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞中不存在 A、C 或 D 選項(xiàng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　- Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow . ( NMET 94 )

　　- _____ .

　　A . I don't B . I won't C . I can't D . I haven't

　　［ 釋疑 ］答案選B。該題題干的設(shè)計(jì)為祈使句式，留給考生一定的思維空間，如果考生不能利用該題在設(shè)計(jì)過程中所留的思維空間就很難得出正確答案，我們可以把該題題干轉(zhuǎn)化成：“Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow , will you?”通過這樣的轉(zhuǎn)化，答案就一目了然了。

　　可見，在解題時(shí)必須要準(zhǔn)確地把握題干設(shè)計(jì)的隱蔽性，挖掘出題干留給我們的思維空間，擺脫題干設(shè)計(jì)過程中的干擾。

　　二、對某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之間的細(xì)微差別進(jìn)行考查，使考查向深層次方向發(fā)展。

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查向縱深的方向發(fā)展體現(xiàn)在對某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之間的細(xì)微的區(qū)別進(jìn)行考查，因此在復(fù)習(xí)中不僅要對考查的重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)，同時(shí)要對某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之間的細(xì)微差別進(jìn)行比較分析，只有這樣才能在高考中做到得心應(yīng)手。

　　The fire spread through the hotel very quickly , but everyone _____ get out .

　　A . had to B . would C . could D . was able to

　　［ 釋疑 ］選D。該題重點(diǎn)考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之間的區(qū)別�！癱an”和“be able to”都可以表示能力，但當(dāng)表示“過去通過某種努力而實(shí)現(xiàn)某事的具體能力”時(shí)應(yīng)用“be able to”，這里的“was able to”相當(dāng)于“managed to do sth”或“succeeded in doing sth”。許多考生誤選 C 的原因就在于沒有掌握他們兩者之間的這個(gè)區(qū)別，因此要對有細(xì)微差別的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行辨析，掌握他們之間的不同點(diǎn)。

　　三、將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞等結(jié)合在一起考查，使考查具有綜合性。

　　有的試題在設(shè)計(jì)過程中把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞等語法概念結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行命題，這樣的設(shè)計(jì)使命題具有很強(qiáng)的綜合性，也就要求考生在解題中必須要先把握題干的語義，然后再根據(jù)語境來判斷對其選項(xiàng)的選擇。

　　- Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it .

　　- It's 9568422 . ［ NMET95 ］

　　A . didn't B . couldn't C . don't D . can't

　�。� 釋疑 ］選A。該題的選項(xiàng)中既有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又有助動(dòng)詞�？忌�在解題時(shí)必須要首先根據(jù)句義來確定應(yīng)用什么類型的動(dòng)詞。從題干中的“剛才沒聽到您的電話號碼，請您再說一遍好嗎?”這一信息可得知該題的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為助動(dòng)詞而不是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，且這里的“沒聽到”是指過去時(shí)間，因此該題的答案為 A。

　　- Alice , why didn't you come yesterday?

　　- I _____ , but I had an unexpected visitor . ［ NMET97 ］

　　A . had B . would C . was going to D . did ［ 答案 ］C。

　�。� 釋疑 ］該題是一個(gè)綜合性極強(qiáng)的試題，如果考生不能很好地分析語境的意義以及結(jié)合所給的選項(xiàng)來綜合考慮是很難選出正確答案的。該題題意是“Alice，你昨天為什么沒來?”“我很想來，但沒想到來了位客人”。從題意可知“想來，但沒來”這是與過去事實(shí)相反的事實(shí)，根據(jù)語法規(guī)則應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，但答案中沒有虛擬語氣的正確形式，若用虛擬語氣，正確的形式應(yīng)為“would have”或“would have come yesterday”，那么該題如何選擇?“be going to”可表示“打算、計(jì)劃”這一概念，而且這里是指過去的打算，因此正確答案為 C。許多學(xué)生誤選 B 的原因就是對情態(tài)動(dòng)詞對過去推測的這一用法沒有完全掌握所致。

　　綜上所述，高考情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查的特點(diǎn)主要體現(xiàn)在試題題干的設(shè)計(jì)具有隱蔽性，試題的

　　考查點(diǎn)向細(xì)微方向發(fā)展以及考查的綜合性。因此在復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)不僅要掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基

　　本用法，同時(shí)又要把握高考命題的趨勢，以及把握高考命題設(shè)計(jì)的特點(diǎn)，做到有的放矢的復(fù)

習(xí)，只有這樣才能達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。

二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航

【學(xué)法指要】

　　單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥

　　1.relate有關(guān)；涉及

　　This paragraph related to the international situation .

　　What he has said doesn’t relate well with the facts .

　　〖點(diǎn)撥〗be related to和……有關(guān)系。relate的名詞是：relation關(guān)系；聯(lián)系。relative親戚。如：the friendly relations between the two countries 。

　　2. quality質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；素質(zhì)

　　Without quantity there can be no quality .

　　For study , quality is more important than quantity .

　　〖點(diǎn)撥〗in quality從質(zhì)量上講。如：The price is different , depending on the quality .

　　3. rainfall一場雨；降雨量

　　the annual rainfall in Beijing北京的年降雨量

　　〖點(diǎn)撥〗表示“有大的雨量”用have a heavy rainfall 。如：This area has a heavy rainfall .

　　單元詞組思維運(yùn)用

　　1. travel by sea = travel by ship

　　2. hand down = pass down傳下來

　　3. from generation to generation = from one generation to another

　　4. sign an argument with與……簽訂協(xié)議

　　5. in later years在以后的幾年里

　

　　6. take a degree獲得一個(gè)學(xué)位

　　7. share one’s memories of共同悼念

　　8. in size在面積方面

　　9. at festivals每逢節(jié)日

　　10. turn to keeping deer改養(yǎng)鹿

　　11. apart from除了……之外；此外

　

　　Apart from the cost , the hat doesn’t suit me .

　　Apart from that , all goes well .

　　12. be of high quality質(zhì)量很高。be of low quality質(zhì)量低。

　　13. separate the young from the old把年輕人和老年人分開

　　14. like … best of all最喜歡

　　15. make money out of keeping deer = make money by raising deer

　　16. go on an outing去郊游

　　17. plan a party for為……籌備一次聚會

　　單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)思路明晰

　　1.Following his discovery many islanders travelled 3500 kilometres by sea in their narrow boats to this new country between 1100 and 1350 . 隨著他的發(fā)現(xiàn),許多島民在1100年到1350年之間坐著窄窄的小船從海上旅行3500公里來到這個(gè)國家。

　　〖明晰〗(1) following his discovery 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，分詞的一般式表達(dá)分詞的動(dòng)作與主句謂語的動(dòng)作基本同時(shí)發(fā)生。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語之前早已完成時(shí)，用分詞的完成式。如：

　　Hearing“Help! Help!”, he rushed out .

　　Not having heard from him for months, she decided to write again .

　　(2) by sea“從海路”， 注意該詞組中間不要加冠詞， 已學(xué)過的類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：by water從水路，by air乘飛機(jī)，by land從陸路，by taxi 打的，by tube乘地鐵， by fax 通過電傳，by e-mail用電子郵件，by post/mail郵寄，by aeroplane坐飛機(jī)。

　　2.…and today they make up about 13% of the population ……現(xiàn)在他們（毛利人）的人口占新西蘭總?cè)丝诘?3%。

　　

　　〖明晰〗make up組成構(gòu)成；彌補(bǔ)；編造。如：

　　Are all animal bodies made up of cells ?

　　I've to make up the test I missed last week .

　　He's making up a new railway guide .

　　而 make up to 接近；make up for 補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)。如：

　　It was easy to make up to (= get along with)him .

　　By means of hardwork , he made up for his lack of experience .

　　3.The Maori have insisted on keeping their own customs and may of life . 毛利人一直堅(jiān)持他們自己的習(xí)俗和生活方式。

　

　　〖明晰〗(1)insist on 常是對要求、看法、意見或主張的“堅(jiān)持”，其后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如：

　　She insisted on her opinion at the meeting .

　　She insisted on going with us .

　　stick to 常是對愿望、原則、決定、諾言、理論和思想的“堅(jiān)持”， 其后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如：

　　stick to the point 堅(jiān)持那種觀點(diǎn)， stick to practising doing the experiment 堅(jiān)持做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

　　persist in 常是對某種活動(dòng)堅(jiān)持不懈或?qū)δ撤N信念固執(zhí)不改， 其后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如：

　　If you persist in breaking the law , you'll go to prison .

　　在keep on 中，on是副詞，含continue to do之意，表克服困難，頑強(qiáng)奮斗，其后常用動(dòng)名詞。如：

　　Keep on practising and you will speak English well .

　　(2) way of life生活方式；keep their way of life alive 使他們的生活方式有滋有味

　

　　4. The happier events are marked with speeches , singing and dancing . 比較愉快的事情都伴有演講、歌唱或舞蹈。

　　〖明晰〗be marked with 以……為標(biāo)志。如：

　　All these suitcases are marked with names and dates .

　　5. Some farmers have turned to keeping deer……有些牧場主已轉(zhuǎn)為養(yǎng)鹿了……

　　〖明晰〗turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向；變成；求教于，求助于。如：

　　She has turned to acting . 她已轉(zhuǎn)行當(dāng)演員了。

　　In the dark street there was no one to whom she could turn for help .

　　Who can I turn to in my hour of need ?

　　6. Apart from their milk , the wool from their coats is used in expensive clothing . 除了鹿奶，鹿身上的皮毛還用來制作豪華服裝。

　　

　　〖明晰〗apart from和except for的相同點(diǎn)是“除了……外”，基不同點(diǎn)是apart from 還可作“除了……外還有”(=besides)。如：

　　It's a good article apart from (= except for)a few spelling mistakes .

　　Apart from her impoliteness , she is very careless .

　　7. be related to , relate to , relating to , in relation to , have some relation to , have sth to do with , be relative to

　　

　　〖明晰〗以上都作“與……有關(guān)系”，但relating, in relation to 為介詞短語。另外，口語中常用have sth to do with。如：

　　

　　Light industry is closely related to the people's life . 輕工業(yè)與人民生活有密切聯(lián)系。

　

　　I can't relate what he does to what he says . 我看他所做的和所說的完全是兩回事。

　

　　He made some remarks relative to what had happened . 他講了幾句和發(fā)生的事情有關(guān)的話。

　　Perhaps he has something to do with this case . 也許他與該案有些聯(lián)系。

　　8. apart from , except for , except , but for , besides

　　

　　〖明晰〗(1) apart from在表“除……外”時(shí)相當(dāng)于except for , 但apart from表“除……之外還”之意。另外，apart from , except for , but for 都可用于句首， 但 except 不能。如：

　　Except for ( = Apart from)John , everyone was present . 除約翰外，所有的人都出席了。

　　In the air there is hydrogen apart from (= besides) oxygen . 空氣中除了氧，還有氫。

　　(2) except“除……”（含不包括其后的賓語），besides 除了……還（含包括其后的賓語）。另外，besides 還可作副詞“并且，而且”。如：

　

　　He answered all the questions except the last one . 除了最后一個(gè)問題外，所有的問題他都回答了。

　　(MET 89) Does John know any other foreign languages besides French ? 除了懂法語之外，約翰還懂其他外語嗎?

　　(3) but for 常用于“如果不是由于……”(= If it were not for……或If it had not been for…)。如：

　　But for you immediate help , I would not have finished the task . 如果不是你的及時(shí)幫助，我是不可能完成此項(xiàng)任務(wù)的。

　　9. tour , visit , journey , trip , travel , voyage

　　〖明晰〗(1)tour“參觀，觀光，周游，巡回旅行”，常是訪問一系列地方后又回到原出發(fā)地。visit作“參觀，訪問”時(shí)常是提前計(jì)劃好的，具有一定的正式性。journey 常指時(shí)間和距離都較長的陸路“旅行”，不含回到原出發(fā)地之意。trip常含短期短程的旅行，目的可以是公事或娛樂，常回到原出發(fā)地。travel常指到國外或某個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的地方去，不強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的目的地，指具體的旅行時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)一般指“ 旅行”的抽象概念。journey 主要指不論路長短的水上或空中的“旅行”。試比較：

　　He came back home after years of foreign travel .

　　We seamen had pleasant weather at sea , the greater part of the voyage .

　　We will have a comfortable voyage to the Far East by air .

　　Travel is much cheaper than it used to be .

　　They'll make a journey through the continent .

　　These two young men have just completed a cycling tour of the USA .

　　10. thread , line , cord , rope

　　〖明晰〗thread ,（針）線，紗。line 線；索；繩；電線。cord 細(xì)繩；粗線。rope繩；索。 He tied his horse to a tree with a rope .

　　

　　I sewed on the buttons with a piece of thread .

　　The storm blew the lines down .

　　He tied up the thief with a cord .

【妙文賞析】

　　名人論讀書

　　※ Books are the ever-burning lamps of accumulated wisdom .

　　好書乃積累智慧之長明燈。(寇第斯)

　　※ That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit .

　　好書使人開卷有所求，閉卷有所獲。（奧爾科特）

　　※ A good book is the best of friends , the same today and for ever .

　　好書如好友，友情永不渝。（塔珀）

　　※ The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest men of past centuries .

　　

　　閱讀好書就好比是同過去多少世紀(jì)最杰出的人們交談。（笛卡爾）

　　※ Histories make men wise ; poems witty ; the mathematics subtile ; natural philosophy deep ; moral grave ; logic and rhetoric able to contend .

　　

　　讀書使人明智，讀詩使人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理學(xué)使人莊重，邏輯修辭學(xué)使人善辯。（培根）

【思維體操】

　　1. Which letter does not belong in the following series ?

　　B E H K M N Q T

　　2. Which of the five makes the best comparison ?

　　Sack is to sad as turn is to ：

　　TACK UP TURF BURN TOY

　　(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

　　答案：1. 選M 。The series is made up of every fourth letter of the alphabet starting with B .

　　2. 選B。Sad can be combined with sack to make the word “sadsack”. Up can be combined with turn to make the word“Upturn”

【心中有數(shù)】

　　單元語法發(fā)散思維

　　一、 “賓語補(bǔ)足語”知多少 ?

　　英語中，常對賓語的狀態(tài)、特征、動(dòng)作進(jìn)行說明的稱之為賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成“主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語”這一重要句型。能用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞或短語很多，下面是中學(xué)課體中出現(xiàn)過的：

　　【思維1】名詞作賓補(bǔ)

　　He called it Micky Mouse .

　　She found him a very clever boy .

　　注意：常用的動(dòng)詞有 name , call , elect , choose , appoint 等。如果賓語補(bǔ)足語表示的是獨(dú)一無二的職務(wù)名詞時(shí)，該名詞前不用冠詞。

　

　　They elected him president of the USA .

　　【思維2】形容詞作賓補(bǔ)

　　He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting .

　　They found the book instructive .

　　We must keep the classroom clean every day .

　　【思維3】副詞作賓補(bǔ)

　　When you have finished your experiment , please tidy the lab and put everything back in the cupboards .

　　

　　I followed him in .

　　Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister .

　　【思維4】介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)

　　To her surprise , she found herself in a different world .

　　I found everything in good order .

　　He thought himself above others .

　　【思維5】不定式作賓補(bǔ)，常有以下兩種形式

　　A . 不定式前帶 to

　　The villagers didn't allow them to do this .

　　He asked me to do some shopping for him .

　　注意：常用的動(dòng)詞有 ask , tell , beg , force , allow , wish , want , expect , advise , permit , order , 等等。

　　B . 不定式前不帶 to

　　I saw all the glasses fall off onto the floor .

　　I made him change his mind at last .

　　注意：常用的動(dòng)詞有使役動(dòng)詞 have , let , make 和感官動(dòng)詞 see , watch , notice , hear , 等等。

　

　　【思維6】現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)

　　We can see them flying along the river .

　　I saw him crossing the street .

　　注意：常用的動(dòng)詞有 hear , watch , notice , find , smell , feel , keep , set , leave , get , 等等。

　

　　【思維7】過去分詞作賓語

　　I had my machine repaired .

　　I was thinking of this when I heard my name called .

　　注意以上三種非謂主事動(dòng)詞用作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別

　　A . 從賓語與賓補(bǔ)的關(guān)系上看。動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與賓語在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，而過去分詞與賓語在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

　

　　We found him cross the street . 我們看到他走過了街道。(= He crossed the street . )

　　We found him crossing the street . (= He was crossing the street . )

　　We had the topic discussed . (= The topic is discussed . )我們讓別人來談?wù)撨@個(gè)主題。

　　B . 從意義上看。動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過程；動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示動(dòng)作處于進(jìn)行狀態(tài)；而過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。

　　

　　I heard him sing the song . 我聽見他唱了那首歌。(指動(dòng)作的全過程)

　　I heard him singing the song . 我聽見他正在唱歌。(指動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生)

　　I heard the song sung(by him) . 我聽見他唱過那首歌。(指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成)

　　【思維8】to be短語用作賓補(bǔ)

　　The people had considered him (to be) a great leader , and a wise , kind and honest man .

　　I believe him (to be) an honest man .

　　注意有時(shí) to be 可以省略。

　　【思維9】由 as 構(gòu)成的短語作賓補(bǔ)

　　We regard labour as a matter of honour .

　　You surely can't consider him as a selfish man .

　　【思維10】疑問代詞 / 副詞 + 不定式作賓補(bǔ)。

　　Could you please show me how to use the computer ?

　　He really didn't ask us what to do next .

　　【思維11】有時(shí)賓語是從句、不定式等后接形容詞(名詞等)作賓補(bǔ)，為了使句子平衡，須用 it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語放在句尾。

　　

　　They found it strange that no one took the money .

　　I felt it my duty to report it to the headmaster .

　　二、如何掌握部分從屬連詞的多義性

　　NMET’98單項(xiàng)填空第16小題：

　　Why do you want a new job ______ you've got such a good one already?

　　

　　A . that B . where C . which D . when

　　正確答案是D。此題考查的是從屬連詞 when 的用法。但是通過題干意義可知，這里的 when 并不是我們平時(shí)常用的意義“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，而是“既然”的意思，相當(dāng)于“since”。其實(shí)從屬連詞中有不少象 　when 這樣的詞，具有多義性。本文就這一問題作一歸納，供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)參考。

　　一、when

　　1 . 表示時(shí)間，意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。例如：

　　

　　The fire was put out when they came . 他們來到的時(shí)候，大火已經(jīng)被撲滅了。

　　2 . 表示條件，意思是“如果……，要是……”例如：

　　When the weather is good , I usually go to the country .

　　Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine .

　　3 . 表示原因，意思是“既然”。例如：

　　How can he succeed when he won't work?

　　Why do we take the flag down at night , when we just have to put it up again

in the morning?

　　4 . 表示讓步，意思是“雖然，然而，可是”。例如：

　　He walks when he might ride .

　　We have only three chairs when we need five .

　　二、while

　

　　1 . 表示時(shí)間，意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，“和……同時(shí)”。例如：

　　We waited while he dined .

　　Please be quiet while I am talking to you .

　　2 . 表示讓步，意思是“雖然，盡管”。例如：

　　While I understand what you say , I can't agree with you .

　　While he is respected , he is not liked .

　　3 . 表示對比，意思是“而，然而”。例如：

　　She is very diligent , while he is very lazy .

　　You like sports , while I'd rather read .

　　三、If

　　1 . 表示條件或假設(shè)，意思是“如果，假如”。例如：

　　We'll stay at home if it rains tomorrow .

　　If I were you , I would not go .

　　2 . 表示讓步，意思是“雖然，即使”。例如：

　　I will go if I die for it .

　　If I am wrong , you come wrong , too .

　　3 . 表示時(shí)間，意思是“無論何時(shí)，當(dāng)……”，相當(dāng)于 whenever。例如：

　　If I do not understand what he says , I always ask him .

　　If winter comes , can spring be far behind?

　　4 . 表示原因，意思是“既然”。例如：

　　If you don't like the job , why don't you change it?

　　四、as long as , so long as

　　1 . 表示時(shí)間，意思是“達(dá)……之久”。例如：

　　You can keep the book as long as you like .

　　During the holidays , I like to stay in the countryside as long as I can .

　　2 . 表示條件，意思是“只要”。例如：

　　As long as you tell truth , I'll try to help you .

　　You may take this book away so long as you return it on time .

　　3 . 表示原因，意思是“既然，由于，因?yàn)椤�。例如�?/p>

　　So long as the weather is changeable these days , we'd better get in wheat in time .

　

　　So long as you are going to town tomorrow , you can do something for me .

　　五、since

　　1 . 表示時(shí)間，意思是“自從……以來”。例如：

　　I haven't heard from him since he left .

　　It is ten years since he joined the army .

　　2 . 表示原因，意思是“既然”。例如：

　　Since this method doesn't work , let's try another .

　　七、so that

　　1 . 表示目的，意思是“以便，為了”。例如：

　　They started off early so that they could get there in time .

　　The student worked hard so that he might learn more .

　　2 . 表示結(jié)果，意思是“因此，結(jié)果是”。例如：

　　I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat .

　　He spoke clearly , so that everyone heard .

　　【動(dòng)腦動(dòng)手】

　　單元能力立體檢測

　　●賓語與高考題

　　一、 V-ing 作賓語：

　　1 . ('86) I can't imagine ____ that with them .

　　A . do B . to do C . being done D . doing

　　2 . ('92) - I usually go there by train .

　　

　　- Why not ____ by boat for a change ?

　　A . to try going B . trying to go C . to try and go D . try going

　　3 . ('83) People can't help ____ the foolish emperor in the procession .

　　A . laugh at B . to laugh at C . laughing at D . laughing on

　　4 . ('83)We're looking forward ____ the photo exhibition .

　　A . to visiting B . to visit C . to having visited D . visiting

　　5 . - What are you going to do this morning ?

　　- I'm thinking of ____ to visit my aunt .

　　A . go B . going C . having gone D . my going

　　6 . ('85)I really enjoy ____ that kind of job .

　　A . do B . doing C . to do D . to be doing

　　7 . ('87)They wouldn't allow him ____ across the enemy line .

　　A . to risk going B . risking to go C . for risk to go D . risk going

　　8 . ('89) - What do you think of the book ?

　　- Oh , excellent . It's worth ____ a second time .

　　A . to read B . to be read C . reading D . being read

　

　　9 . Only one of these books is worth ____ .

　　A . to read B . being read C . of reading D . reading

　　但當(dāng)上述動(dòng)詞不分別表示上述意義時(shí)，就有可能接不定式作賓語。如 can't help 若作“不能幫助去干……”解時(shí)，就要接不定式作賓語。如：

　　10 . ('97上�？碱})She can't help ____ the house because she's busy making a cake .

　　A . to clean B . cleaning C . cleaned D . being cleaned

　　二、V-ing 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可作賓語。它由物主代詞或名詞所有格加 V-ing 構(gòu)成。在口語和非正式用語中，該結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語時(shí)，常用人稱代詞賓格代替物主代詞，用名詞普通格代替所有格。如：

　　11 . ('91)I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days .

　　A . sail B . to sail C . sailing D . to have sailed

　　12 . I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon .

　　A . you to call B . you call C . your calling D . you're calling

　　13 . How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden ?

　　A . to take B . take C . taking D . to be taking

　　三、V-ing 的被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，放在動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語；V-ing 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)式也可作賓語。如：

　　14 . ('94上海考題)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ____ .

　　A . catching B . to be caught C . being caught D . to catch

　　15 . ('94上�？碱})Do you mind ____ alone at home ?

　

　　A . Jane's leaving B . Jane having left C . Jane's being left D . Jane to be left

　　

　　16 . ('92上�？碱})He always insisted on his ____ Dr . Turner instead of Mr Turner .

　　A . been called B . called C . having called D . being called

　　四、若 V-ing 的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，用 V-ing 完成式。當(dāng)然，forget , remember , regret 后接 V-ing 一般式或完成式均可表示上述意義。如：

　　

　　17 . ('88)She didn't remember ____ him before .

　　A . having met B . have met C . to meet D . to having met

　　18 . ('95) - You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting .

　　- Well , I regret ____ that .

　　A . to do B . to be doing C . having done D . being done

　　五、V-ing 的否定式在其前加 not。如：

　　19 . ('94) - I must apologize for ____ ahead of time .

　　- That's all right .

　　A . letting you not know B . not letting you know

　　C . letting you know not D . letting not you know

　　六、動(dòng)詞不定式用賓語

　　20 . ('95)We agreed ____ here , but so far she hasn't turned up yet .

　　A . having met B . meeting C . to meet D . to have met

　　21 . ('94上海考題)I ____ to believe that God could make me enter a university .

　　A . reject B . require C . resist D . refuse

　　不定式的否定式在其前加 not，可作賓語。如：

　　22 . ('89)She pretended ____ me when I passed by .

　　A . not to see B . not seeing C . to not see D . having not seen

　　不定式表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作要用被動(dòng)式。如：

　　23 . ('92)Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening .

　　A . to be taken B . to take C . being taken D . taking

　　不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前要用完成式。如：

　　24 . I would love ____ to the party last night , but I had to work extra hours to finish a report .

　　A . to go B . to have gone C . going D . having gone

　　七、常見以疑問詞(how / what / which / when / where 等)(why 除外)+不定式短語作賓語。25 . ('79)There isn't any difference between the two . I really don't know ____ .

　　A . where to choose B . which to choose C . to choose what D . to choose which

　　26 . ('85) - Have you decided when ____ ?

　　- Yes , tomorrow morning .

　　A . to leave B . to be leaving C . will you leave D . are you leaving

　　27 . ('90)Last summer I took a course on how ____ .

　　A . to make dresses B . dresses be made

　　C . to be made dresses D . dresses to be made

　　28 . ('92)There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind ____ to buy .

　　

　　A . what B . which C . how D . where

　　八、 V-ing 與不定式作賓語的區(qū)別

　　29 . ('81)Don't you remember _____ the man before ?

　　A . seeing B . to see C . saw D . have seen

　　30 . (91) - The light in the office is still on .

　　- Oh , I forgot ____ .

　　A . turning if off B . turn it off C . to turn it off D . having turned it off

　　31 . ('88)She didn't remember ____ him before .

　　A . having met B . have met C . to meet D . to having met

　　32 . ('84)Do you remember ____ me at a party last year ?

　　A . meet B . to meet C . meeting D . met

　　33 . I don't regret ____ even if it might have upset her .

　　A . to tell her what I thought B . to have told her that I thought

　　C . telling what I thought D . telling her what I thought

　　九、need , want , require 等接主動(dòng)的 V-ing 表示被動(dòng)的意義，而接不定式的被動(dòng)式才能表示被動(dòng)的意義。如：

　　

　　34 . ('90上海考題)This page needs ____ again .

　　A . being checked B . checked C . to check D . to be checked

　

　　35 . ('91)The library needs ____ , but it'll have to wait until Sunday .

　　A . cleaning B . be cleaned C . clean D . being cleaned

　　36 . ('85)This sentence needs ____ .

　　A . improve B . improving C . an improvement D . improved

　　參考答案：1-5 DDCAB 6-10 BACDA 11-15 CCCCC 16-20 DACBC 21-25 DAABB 26-30 AABAC 31-36 ACDDAB

　　

【創(chuàng)新園地】

　　下面每小題都有一處是屬于畫蛇添足，請你“畫龍點(diǎn)睛”。(上)

　　1. A bullet entered into his body .

　　2. I prefer this book better to that one .

　　

　　3. He is a famous scientist whose name is called John Smith .

　　

　　4. Serve for the people heart and soul .

　　

　　5. She married with a PLA man last year .

　　6. Being ill , so I didn’t come to school .

　　7. I haven’t heard you clearly , please repeat it again .

　　8. His elder brother has just returned back from Europe .

　　9. This dictionary is cheap enough for me to buy it .

　　10. She studies hard to improve his English better .

　�。ㄕ埻瑢W(xué)們寫好后把答案反饋給我們）

【創(chuàng)新園地】答案是去掉：1. into 2. better 3. called 4. for 5. with 6. so 7. again 8. back 9. it 10. better

【同步題庫】

Unit 19 New Zealand

四、同步題庫

非謂語動(dòng)詞專練50題

1.She didn't remember him before.

A.having met B. have met C.to meet D.to having met

2. down the radio,the baby's asleep in the next room.

A.Turning B.To turn C.Turned D.Turn

3. is believing.

A.To see B.Seeing C.See D.To be seen

4.I'm hungry. Get me something .

A.eat B.to eat C.eating D.for eating

5. ,I went to the railway station to see my friedn off.

A.After eating quickly my dinner B.After my quickly eating dinner

C.After eating my dinner quickly D.After eating my quickly dinner

6.I can't imagine that with them.

A.do B.to do C.being done D.doing

7.We're looking forward the photo exhibition.

A.to visiting B.to visit C.to having visited D.visiting

8.When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person .

A.to send B.for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to

9.I heard the terrible sound of last night.

A.the door's shutting B.the door being shutting

C.the door's being shut D.the door being shut

10.It was so cold that they kept the fire all night.

A.to burn B.burn C.burning D. burned

11.The poor boy couldn't eating the things left on the table.

A.insist B.resist C.pretend D.burned

12.Does mean nothing to him?

A.our saying that B.for us to say that

C.we way that D.of us to say that

13.I regret that wonderful exhibition last week.

A.not to see B.having not seen C.to not see D.not having seen

14. will soon be completed.

A.The building of the house B.The building house

C.A building house D.Building a house

15.He received a letter the day before yesterday him to go back to his home as soon as possible.

A.asking B.to ask C.asked D.having asked

16. from his appearance,he is very strong.

A.Judging B.Being judged C.To judge D.Judge

17. that he ill,his work should be done by others.

A.Considered B.To consider C.Considering D.Consider

18.I looked forward what was happening in the crowd.

A.to seeing B.saw C.to see D.meeting

19.The sports meeting seems like a .

A.long time to wait B.long time for waiting

C.time of long wait D.long waiting time

20.He was disappointed to find his suggestion .

A.been turned down B.turned down

C.to be turned down D.to turn down

21.-Mum,I think I'm to get back to school.

-Not really,my dear.You'd better stay at home for another day or two.

A.so well B.so good C.well enough D.good enough

22.Returning home .

A.my watch was missing B.my watch was gone

C.my watch was lost D.Ifound my watch missing

23. at a decision,they immediately set to work.

A.Arriving B.Arrived

C.Having arrived D.Having been arrived

24.Did you smell something .

A.burn B.burning C.to be burnt D.being burnt

25.What made him ?

A.frighten B.frightened C.frightening D.to frighten

26.The building will be a hospital.

A.build B.to be built C.being built D.being building

27.While to foreigners, you must try your best to make yourself .

A.spoken;understood B.spoken;understand

C.speaking;understood D.speaking;understand

28.He had his leg in the match yesterday.

A.to break B.break C.broken D.brdaking

29. from space,our earth,with water covering70%of its surface,appears

as a“blue planet.”

A.Seen B.Seeing C.Having seen D.To see

30.The story by the famous writer is at the factory now.

A.wrote,printed B.written,being printed

C.write,being printed D.written,printed

31. their work,they had a rest.

A.Having finished B.Finished

C.Having been finished D.Finishing

32. to a high temperature,water will change into vapour.

A.Heated B.Heating C.Being heated D.Having heated

33.Once ,it can never .

A.see;forgotten B.see;forget

C.seen;be forgotten D.seeing;be forgotten

34. for months,the room is very dirty.

A.We don't clean it B.Having not cleaned

C.Not having been cleaned D.Having not been cleaned

35.The boy lay on bed,with his eyse .

A.half close B.half closed C.half closing D.to half close

36.The girl sat in the corner, .

A.frighten,crying B.frightened,crying

C.frightened,cried D.frightening,crying

37.The lecture was so that we were all .

A.inspiring,exciting B.inspired,exciting

C.inspiring,excited D.inspired,excited

38.The boy fell down to the ground, his eyes and his hands .

A.close,tremble B.closed,trembled

C.closing,trembling D.closed,trembling

39.With the work ,Mr Lin went out for a swim.

A.having B.done C.doing D.being done

40. from his accent,he must be from Shanghai.

A.Judge B.Judging C.Judged D.Being judged

41.What's the language in Germany?

A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak

42.I'm going to have my radio .

A.to fix B.fixed C.fix D.fixing

43. in a poor peasant family,the boy was unable to go to school.

A.Being born B.Born C.Having been born D.Being proved

44.He had never spent a day.

A.more worry B.most worrying C.more worrying D.most worried

45. louder and make yourself .

A.Speaking;hearing B.Speaking;heard

C.To speak;hear D.Speak;heard

46.Don't you like to have your room clean and tidy?

A.to look B.looked C.looking D.look

47.We should cosider it a duty to serve the Chinese people heart and soul.

A.to be B.be C.as D.Either A or C

48.-Have you finished the maths problem?

-Not yet ,because I find it difficult .

A.in working out B.working out C.to work it out D.to work out

49.-Why not go swimming as it is such a fine day?

-I want to,but I'm busy to go.

A.enough B.too C.very D.so

50.Though I can't make the model ship faster,the model plane can be made

higher by any of the boys here.

A.sail;to fly B.to sail;fly C.to sail;to fly D.sail;fly

答案：1-5 A D B B C 6-10 D A C D C 11-15 B A D A A 16-20 A C C B B 21-25 C D C B B 26-30 C C C A B 31-35 A A C C B 36-40 B C D B B 41-45 B B A C D 46-50 D D D B A

　　Unit 19

　　高考非謂語動(dòng)詞專練 100 題（下）

　　51. She didn't remember him before .

　　A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to having met

　　52. down the radio , the baby's asleep in the next room .

　　A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn

　　53. ____ is believing .

　　A . To see B . Seeing C . See D . To be seen

　　54 . I'm hungry . Get me something ____ .

　　A . eat B . to eat C . eating D . for eating

　　55 . ____ , I went to the railway station to see my friend off .

　　A . After eating quickly my dinner B . After my quickly eating dinner

　　C . After eating my dinner quickly D . After eating my quickly dinner

　　56 . I can't imagine ____ that with them .

　　A . do B . to do C . being done D . doing

　　57 . We're looking forward ____ the photo exhibition .

　　A . to visiting B . to visit C . to having visited D . visiting

　　58 . When I handed the report to John , he said that George was the person ____ .

　　A . to send B . for sending it C . to send it to D . for sending it to

　　59 . I heard the terrible sound of ____ last night .

　　A . the door's shutting B . the door being shutting

　　C . the door's being shut D . the door being shut

　　60 . It was so cold that they kept the fire ____ all night .

　　A . to burn B . burn C . burning D . burned

　　61 . The poor boy couldn't ____ eating the things left on the table .

　　A . insist B . resist C . pretend D . think

　　

　　62 . Does ____ mean nothing to him ?

　　A . our saying that B . for us to say that

　　C . we way that D . of us to say that

　　63 . I regret ____ that wonderful exhibition last week .

　　A . not to see B . having not seen C . to not see D . not having seen

　　64 . ____ will soon be completed .

　

　　A . The building of the house B . The building house

　

　　C . A building house D . Building a house

　　65 . He received a letter the day before yesterday ____ him to go back to his home as soon as possible .

　　

　　A . asking B . to ask C . asked D . having asked

　　66 . ____ from his appearance , he is very strong .

　　A . Judging B . Being judged C . To judge D . Judge

　　67 . ____ that he ill , his work should be done by others .

　　A . Considered B . To consider C . Considering D . Consider

　　68 . I looked forward ____ what was happening in the crowd .

　　A . to seeing B . saw C . to see D . meeting

　　69 . The sports meeting seems like a ____ .

　　A . long time to wait B . long time for waiting

　　C . time of long wait D . long waiting time

　　70. He was disappointed to find his suggestion ____ .

　　A . been turned down B . turned down C . to be turned down D . to turn down

　　71. - Mum , I think I'm ____ to get back to school .

　　- Not really , my dear . You'd better stay at home for another day or two .

　　A . so well B . so good C . well enough D . good enough

　　72. Returning home ____ .

　　A . my watch was missing B . my watch was gone

　　C . my watch was lost D . I found my watch missing

　　73. ____ at a decision , they immediately set to work .

　　A . Arriving B . Arrived C . Having arrived D . Having been arrived

　　74. Did you smell something ____ .

　　A . burn B . burning C . to be burnt D . being burnt

　　75 . What made him ____ ?

　　A . frighten B . frightened C . frightening D . to frighten

　　

　　76 . The building ____ will be a hospital .

　　A . build B . to be built C . being built D . being building

　　77 . While ____ to foreigners , you must try your best to make yourself ____ .

　　A . spoken ; understood B . spoken ; understand

　　C . speaking ; understood D . speaking ; understand

　　78 . He had his leg ____ in the match yesterday .

　　A . to break B . break C . broken D . breaking

　　

　　79. ____ from space , our earth , with water covering 70% of its surface , appears as a “blue planet . ”

　　

　　A . Seen B . Seeing C . Having seen D . To see

　　

　　80. The story ____ by the famous writer is ____ at the factory now .

　　A . wrote , printed B . written , being printed

　　C . write , being printed D . written , printed

　　81 . ____ their work , they had a rest .

　　A . Having finished B . Finished C . Having been finished D . Finishing

　　82 . ____ to a high temperature , water will change into vapour .

　　A . Heated B . Heating C . Being heated D . Having heated

　　83 . Once ____ , it can never ____ .

　　A . see ; forgotten B . see ; forget

　　C . seen ; be forgotten D . seeing ; be forgotten

　　84 . ____ for months , the room is very dirty .

　　A . We don't clean it B . Having not cleaned

　　

　　C . Not having been cleaned D . Having not been cleaned

　　85 . The boy lay on bed , with his eyes ____ .

　　A . half close B . half closed C . half closing D . to half close

　　86. The ____ girl sat in the corner , ____ .

　

　　A . frighten , crying B . frightened , crying

　　C . frightened , cried D . frightening , crying

　　87 . The lecture was so ____ that we were all ____ .

　　

　　A . inspiring , exciting B . inspired , exciting

　　　　

　　C . inspiring , excited D . inspired , excited

　　88 . The boy fell down to the ground , his eyes ____ and his hands ____ .

　　A . close , tremble B . closed , trembled C . closing , trembling D . closed , trembling

　　89. With the work ____ , Mr Lin went out for a swim .

　　A . having B . done C . doing D . being done

　　90. ____ from his accent , he must be from Shanghai .

　　A . Judge B . Judging C . Judged D . Being judged

　　91 . What's the language ____ in Germany ?

　　A . speaking B . spoken C . be spoken D . to speak

　

　　92 . I'm going to have my radio ____ .

　　A . to fix B . fixed C . fix D . fixing

　　93. ____ in a poor peasant family , the boy was unable to go to school .

　　A . Being born B . Born C . Having been born D . Being proved

　　94. He had never spent a ____ day .

　　A . more worry B . most worrying C . more worrying D . most worried

　　95. louder and make yourself .

　　A. Speaking ; hearing B. Speaking ; heard

　　C. To speak ; hear D. Speak ; heard

　　96. Don't you like to have your room clean and tidy ?

　　A. to look B. looked C. looking D. look

　　97. We should consider it a duty to serve the Chinese people heart and soul .

　　A. to be B. be C. as D. Either A or C

　　98. - Have you finished the maths problem ?

　　- Not yet , because I find it difficult .

　　A. in working out B. working out C. to work it out D. to work out

　　99. - Why not go swimming as it is such a fine day ?

　　- I want to , but I'm busy to go .

　　A. enough B. too C. very D. so

　

　　100. Though I can't make the model ship faster , the model plane can be made higher by any of the boys here .

　　A. sail ; to fly B. to sail ; fly C. to sail ; to fly D. sail ; fly

　　答案：51 -55 ADBBC 56 - 60 DACDC 61 - 65 BADAA 66 - 70 ACCBB 71 - 75 CDCBB 76 - 80 CCCAB 81 - 85 AACCB 86 - 90 BCDBB 91 - 95 BBACD 96 - 100 DDDBA