Useful expressions
Lesson 17
1、Some of us do not know much about the theatre. 我們中有一些人還不太懂得戲劇。
句中的theatre不作“劇院”解，而作“戲劇”或“戲劇藝術(shù)”解，是不可數(shù)名詞，通常它的前面要用定冠詞the。例如：
He is interested in the theatre. 他對戲劇感興趣。
Last week a famous director gave us a talk on the theatre.
上周一位著名的導(dǎo)演給我們作了關(guān)于戲劇藝術(shù)的報告。
What do you do in the theatre? 你在戲劇方面做些什么？
He read an article on the Chinese theatre. 他讀了一篇關(guān)于中國戲劇的文章。
They are discussing the future of the theatre. 他們正在討論戲劇藝術(shù)的前途問題.
2、At the very beginning I choose a play and the actors. 一開始，我選定劇本和演員。
at the very beginning 這個短語的意思是“在剛開始的時候/在最開始的時候。”短語中的very是形容詞，常與 the, this, that, one’s 等連用,用來加強語氣，意為“正好是”、“就在”、“最……”，有較靈活的譯法。例如：
This is the very book that I am after. 這正是我要找的書。
Tom is the very person that they want to employ. 湯姆正是他們想雇傭的人。
Shall I start from the very beginning? 我得從頭開始嗎？
right, just 也可以表示 “恰恰”, “正好”
at the beginning 起初；開始時 后可接of 結(jié)構(gòu)，也可單獨使用。例如：
A war broke out at the beginning of the century.那個世紀初發(fā)生了一場戰(zhàn)爭。
Jack was my friend at the beginning . 杰克從一開始就是我的朋友。
in the beginning 和at the beginning 在意義上區(qū)別不大，只是前者之后不接of結(jié)構(gòu)，后者強調(diào)從一開始，從頭起。at the beginning of 的反義詞組是at the end of ,而in the beginning的反義詞組是in the end。
They didn’t like his way of teaching at / in the beginning.
開始時他們不喜歡他的教法。
At the end of this period we put the play on in a theatre.
在這段時期結(jié)束時，我們就在一家劇院上演這部戲。
3、Then for a period of several weeks we practise doing the play.
隨后的幾個星期，我們就進行排練。
及物動詞practise后的賓語可以是名詞，也可以是―ing形式，即practise sth./doing sth.
但不能跟不定式作賓語。本句中practise后的賓語是doing the play,不可用to do the play。下文中另有一句：We practise entrances and exits. 意思是“我們練習入場和出場”，其中的賓語是名詞entrances and exits。又如：
You should practise reading English aloud every morning.
你應(yīng)每天早晨練習朗讀英語。
He practised the song again and again before the English party.
英語晚會之前他反復(fù)練習唱那首歌。
注意： 美國英語中practice 既可作名詞，又可以作動詞，但英國英語中practise是動詞，practice 是名詞。
4、The timing is very important ,not only for the movements but also for the lines of the dialogue.
時間的安排非常重要，這不僅對于劇情的變化，而且對于對白中的臺詞都是如此。
timing 作“定時”、“時間選擇”解，在這里指劇中演員的動作和臺詞背誦的時間配合，以獲得最好的戲劇效果。
The timing in last night’s performance was pretty good. 昨晚演出的時間安排相當好。
the lines 意為“臺詞”，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
It is terrible for an actor to forget his lines in a performance.
演員在演出時忘記臺詞是十分糟糕的事。
有關(guān) line 的詞組:
read between the lines 領(lǐng)會言外之意
take one’s own line 干自己的本行,走自己的路
on the line 在通話中
hold the line 不掛斷
wait in line 排隊等候
stand in line 排成一列
get/have a line on 得到/握有有關(guān)……的情報
line on one’s face 臉上的皺紋
復(fù)習 not only…but also…的用法.
The nurse was not only competent but also kind.那個護士不但能干而且親切.
Not only you but also she has to attend the ceremony.不只是你,她也必須參加典禮.
Not only did he teach school, but he wrote novels.他不但在學校里教書,而且還寫小說.
5、 I’ve chosen the main actors and we intend to put it on next January.
我已經(jīng)選好了主要演員，我們打算在明年一月上演這部戲。
1)intend: plan/mean to do sth.計劃/意欲（打算）做某事，其后常接不定式作賓語。例如：
He intends to study abroad next year. 他打算明年到國外留學。
I’ve made a mistake, though I didn’t intend to. 我犯了一個錯誤,盡管不是存心要犯的.
Where do you intend to spend your holiday? 你打算在哪里度假？
2)intend+名（人）+to do sth.打算使（某人）……。
He intends his son to manage the company.他打算讓兒子經(jīng)營公司。
另外表示 “打算, 希望做某事” 的還有:
plan to, want to, hope to, would like to, mean to, decide to…
3)本句中的短語動詞put on不作“穿上”、“戴上”解，而作“上演”、“演出”解，相當于perform。例如：
We put on the play in a theatre. 我們在一家演劇院上演這部戲。
put on 的賓語如果是名詞，則可放在put on 的中間（put the play on）,也可以放在put on的后面（put on the play）；如果賓語是代詞，則只能放在put on 的中間（如本句的put it on）又如：
On National Day, our class put on a wonderful performance.
國慶節(jié)那天，我們班作了精采的表演。
A: When are you going to put on the play?
你們打算什么時候上演這部劇？
B: We are going to put it on next month.
我們打算下月個上演。
put on a dance 表演一個舞蹈 put on weight 增加體重
put on airs 擺架子
He put on an air of importance. 他裝著一副神氣的樣子.
Mary isn’t really sick. She is only putting on. 瑪麗不是真的生病,她只是裝的.
Lesson 18
1、Charlie Chaplin ,who died in 1977,is considered one of the greatest and funniest actors in the history of the cinema.
查理。卓別林于1977年逝世，他被認為是電影史上最偉大、最滑稽的演員之一。
1)who died in 1977 是非限制性定語從句，修飾Charlie Chaplin。
2)consider考慮，細想 相當于think of /about例如：
He is considering a maths problem.他在考慮一道數(shù)學題。
We are considering setting up a new school in this area.
我們正在考慮在這個地區(qū)建立一所新學校。
You have to consider what to do with the material.你得考慮用這材料做什么東西。
consider sb./sth.(to be)…是一個復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“把……認為是……，”相當于“regard
as…”。其被動式是be considered(to be )…，意思是“被認為是……”，相當于“be regarded as…”。結(jié)構(gòu)中的to be 常被省略。例如：
We all considered him (to be )an honest man ,but in fact he was a cheat.
我們都認為他是個誠實的人，但實際上他是個騙子。
The conference is considered (to be ) a great success.
這次大會被認為是一次極其成功的大會。
Most countries in the world consider Taiwan (to be ) a part of China.
世界上大多數(shù)國家認為臺灣是中國的一部分。
3)句中的cinema不作“電影院”解，而作“電影藝術(shù)”（the art of making moving pictures
或“電影工業(yè)”（the moving picture industry）解。作此義解時，前邊通常用定冠詞the 。例如本句中的the history of the cinema（電影藝術(shù)史）。又如：
Are you interested in the cinema?你對電影感興趣嗎？
The cinema is an important form of art.電影是一種很重要的藝術(shù)形式。
2.During his lifetime ,he acted in 13 films, and he wrote, directed and acted in 69 other films.
他一生中演過13部電影，在另外的69部影片中，他同時是影片的編劇、導(dǎo)演和演員。
act作“表演”解是不及物動詞。例如：
He acted very well in the play. 他在這部戲中表演很好。
The young man was chosen to act in the new film.
那位年輕人被選中在這部影片中演出。
act 作“扮演……角色”解時是及物動詞。課文第二段中“…saw Chaplin acting a very funny part…”就是這一用法。又如：
“What part are you going act in the film?―I’m going to act a PLA man.”
你在這部影片中將扮演什么角色？我將扮演一位解放軍戰(zhàn)士。
She acted an old woman in the TV play.
她在這部電視劇中扮演一位老太太。
3、At the age of eight, he joined a group of child dancers, and at seventeen he set off for the U.SA. with a group of comedy actors.(=When he was eight years old, he joined a group of child dancers, and when he was seventeen ,he started travelling to the U.S.A. with a group of comedy actors.)
八歲時，他參加了一個兒童舞蹈團，十七歲時，他跟一些喜劇演員去了美國。
介詞短語at the age of …作“在……歲的時候”解，也可以用“at +數(shù)詞”表示。如at seventeen = at the age of seventeen。例如：
The girl started playing the violin at the age of six.
這個女孩六歲時就開始學拉小提琴。
The boy lost his father at six and lived a hard life with his mother.
這男孩六歲那年就失去了父親，跟著母親過著艱難的生活。
set off作“動身”、“出發(fā)”解。（to start a journey）。表示“動身、出發(fā)（去某地）”時，后面要跟介詞短語“for (some place)”。例如：
They set off early this morning . 今天早晨，他們很早就出發(fā)了。
She set off for Shanghai on May 6. 五月六日，他們出發(fā)去上海。
4、As a result ,Chaplin got his first film part in the States.
結(jié)果，卓別林在美國獲得了他的第一個電影角色。
句中part是可數(shù)名詞，作“角色”解（a character acted by an actor in a play）。例如：
He played the part of Hamlet .他扮演了哈姆雷特的角色。
She had the leading part in the film.她在這部影片中演主角。
I play the part of a journalist. You play the part of a director.
我扮演記者，你扮演導(dǎo)演。
5、As early as his second film ,Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting,the one that was to become world famous.
早在他演第二部電影時，卓別林就形成了自己的表演風格，這就是他后來聞名于世的那種表演風格。
As early as his second film… = As early as he played (in) his second film…早在他演第二部電影時…… as…as在本句中是引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句，修飾后面的謂語動詞had travelled。
I met him as early as 10 years ago. 我早在十年前就遇見過他。
China developed the science of farming as early as the 6th century AD.
中國早在公元六世紀就發(fā)展了農(nóng)業(yè)科學。
句中the one是不定代詞，作“his own manner of acting ”的同位語。the one 后緊跟一個定語從句“that was to become world-famous”。
NMET2000 --- Why don’t we take a little break? ---Didn’t we just have _____?
A. it B. that C. one D. this
NMET2002 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____
I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
“was to become”是過去將來時。這種be+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)常用于正式語體，表示“注定”或“安排”的意思。例如：
The meeting is to begin at nine o’clock tomorrow morning.
會議（按計劃）將在明天上午九時開始。
When are they to hand in their plan?
他們的計劃什么時候交上來？
6、He wore a small black hat ,very wide trousers, a moustache and carried a stick that he swung in the air as he walked.
他戴著小黑帽，穿著肥大的褲子，留著小胡子，拄著一根手杖，邊走邊（不時地）揮舞著。
“that he swung in the air ”是定語從句，修飾前面的a stick。as he walked是個時間狀語從句，用來修飾前面的謂語動詞carried。
“in the air ”除了作“在空中、在空氣中”解外，還可表示“不肯定、在謠傳中”。例如：
The smell of the bad apples was in the air .
空氣中散發(fā)著壞蘋果的氣味。
Their plan is still in the air.他們的計劃還沒有確定。
Nobody knew where they had gone , but there was something in the air.
沒有人知道他們的去向，只有一些謠傳。
7、Even his way of walking down the street and turnig a corner could be recognized as his own.
甚至連他沿街走路和在拐角轉(zhuǎn)彎的姿態(tài)，都可以被認為是他特有的。
recognize v.: know again (someone or something one has met before) ; admit (someone or something) 認出；承認 例如：
I recognized Wu Dong at the first sight though I had not seen him for years.
雖然我已多年沒有見到過吳東，但還是一眼就認出他來了。
He recognized my voice on the phone.
他在電話里聽出了我的聲音。
Zhang Hua is recognized as the best runner in our school.
張華被認為是我們學校最好的賽跑運動員。
8、Chaplin’s earliest films were silent films, because the equipment for adding sound to films had not yet been developed.卓別林的最早期電影是無聲電影，因為在那時還沒有研制出給影片配音的設(shè)備。
add…to 是“增加”、“加進去”、“把……加入到……”的意思。
She added some more salt to the soup and it tasted much better.
她往湯里多加了一點鹽，湯的味道就好多了。
Can we add two more items (to the programme) ?
我們可以（在節(jié)目單里）再添兩個節(jié)目嗎？
9.The development of films with sound became a problem for Chaplin, as he was uncertain about making films with dialogue.
有聲電影的發(fā)展成了卓別林的一道難題，因為他對配有對話的電影制作還沒有把握。
be certain about/of…詞組的意思是“對……肯定”，“對……有把握”。它的反義詞組是be uncertain about/of…（對……沒有把握）。例如：
He is uncertain about the information , so he will check it further.
他對這一情況沒有把握，他將進一步核對。
We are uncertain about what to do next.
我們拿不準下一步做什么。
10、Two of his greatest films," City Lights”and“Modern Times”were of this kind.
他的兩部最偉大的影片“城市之光”和“摩登時代”就是這一類（沒有對白但配有音樂的）影片。
介詞短語of…kind作“……種（類）的”、“屬于……一類”解，在句中作表語或定語。本句的of this kind作表語，指上文講的films without dialogues, but with music。又如：
I don’t like people of that kind .(作定語) 我不喜歡那種人。
These machines look the same , but they are of different kinds.(作表語)
這些機器看起來一樣，但是種類不同。
of the same kind = of a kind
They are of a kind. 它們?nèi)峭活惖?
11、Chaplin’s later films, however, were not well received. (=However, Chaplin’s later films were not very popular.)
但是，卓別林晚期的電影并不太受歡迎。
be well received 意為“得到良好的反應(yīng)”，即“很受歡迎”的意思，(=be popular),常用來表示書刊等出版物以及電影、戲劇等受到的反應(yīng)。
The magazine “Family” is well received in China.《家庭》雜志在中國很受歡迎。
This new film is well received by young people.
這部新的影片很受年輕人歡迎。
12、Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland.
Live a …life, live one’s life ( live 是及物動詞,其賓語與之同源)
We live a busy but happy life.
The noble man lived a life of luxury. 這位貴族過著奢侈的生活.
My grandfather lives his life in the country.
13.Before he died , he was honoured in a number of ways for his contributions to the film industry.
在他逝世之前，他由于在電影事業(yè)方面的貢獻而獲得了許多榮譽。
A. honour是及物動詞，表示“尊敬”.
His father was honoured with the title “Advanced Worker.”
他的父親被授予“先進工作者”的稱號。
(1).be honoured for…，意為“因……而受到尊敬”。例如：
The teacher was honoured for his excellent work.
這位老師因為他的出色工作受到表彰。
(2).be honored as … 作為……而受到尊敬
They were honored as national heroes.
(3).be honored to do… (= have the honor to do) 有幸……,榮幸地……
I’m honored to be with you. 和你在一起我感到榮幸.
I have the honor to introduce the great scientist to you.
(4).It’s an honor to meet you. 見到你很榮幸.
He is an honor to his family. 他是他家的驕傲.
She is an honor to our school. 她是我校的光榮.
B. contribution n. 奉獻,貢獻 make contribution to sth. 為……做貢獻
She has made great contributions to the cause of education.
她為教育事業(yè)作出了巨大的貢獻.
contribute v. 捐(款),(對……) 有貢獻 contribute + n. + to…
He contributed a lot of money to the charity. 他為慈善機構(gòu)捐很多錢.
The construction of a highway will contribute to the growth of the suburbs.
建筑高速公路將有助于郊區(qū)的發(fā)展.
Lessons 19---20
1、The film was set in California in the middle of the nineteenth century.
這部影片是以十九世紀中葉加利福尼亞為背景的。
be set in 的意思為“以……為背景”、“（戲劇、影片）的背景是”。例如：
The novel is set in Shanghai in the 1930’s.
這部小說以二十世紀三十年代的上海為背景。
The play is set in the early days of World War Two.
這個劇是以第二次世界大戰(zhàn)初期為背景的。
2. At that time, gold was discovered in California and thousands of people rushed there to look for gold, so it became known as “the gold rush”.
句中第一個 rush 是名詞, 第二個 rush 是動詞,意思是 “匆忙地去或來”(go or come hurriedly)或 “急促地干某事” (do sth. with violence or speed)
The children rushed out of the school gate.
People rushed up the stairs to put out the fire.
It’s not necessary to rush into print. 不必要匆匆忙忙付印.
3.People said gold could easily be picked by washing sand from the river in a pan of water.
(1).pick up 是短語動詞,在本句中有 “收集到” (collect) 的意思.
Jack has picked up a large number of Chinese stamps.
(2).by 作 “以……方法”, “用……手段”解 (by means of) + - ing 形式.
His mother made a living by selling apples.
You should learn spoken English by practising speaking.
4、This was known as “panning for gold”.
這就是人們所熟知的“淘金”。
be known as 意為“叫作、被稱為、大家公認”。
Jia Sixie is known as one of the pioneers of farming.
賈思勰被認為是農(nóng)學的先驅(qū)者之一。
Shanghai is known as the base of China’s industry.
上海被認為是中國的工業(yè)基地。
Shakespeare is well-known as a great writer.
It’s well-known (to us all) that China is a great country with a long history.
5. pan n.
A. (指有把手的)平底鍋 a frying pan 沙鍋,煎鍋 pots and pans 炊具
B. 選礦鍋 (揀選砂金等的用具) gold pan 淘金盤
v. panned; panning (為尋找礦金而)沖洗(泥土)
pan for + n. pan for gold 淘金
6、So far, they have been unlucky in their search for gold and have no money at all.
到這時為止，他們尋找金子一直運氣不好，而他們身上一個錢也沒有了。
A. so far 迄今為止,到目前為止(通常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用,均可放置句首,句中或句末)
We haven’t heard from him so far.
It’s reported that five people have escaped danger so far.
B.(1) in one’s search for/ in search of 搜尋，尋找。例如：
He joined them in their search for the missing child.
他和他們一起尋找那個失蹤的孩子。
The boy went into the bookstore in search of some new books.
這孩子走進書店想找一些新書。
(2) search for 尋找 (=look for)
All night they searched for the lost boy, but didn’t find them.
People rushed to California to search for gold.
search sb. 搜身 search for sb. 尋找某人
(3) search…for… 為了找到......而搜查……, 在……里搜尋……
The police searched the city for the thief.
The detective searched the man for a hidden weapon.
偵探在那人身上搜查隱藏武器.
7.Chaplin sits down at the table and eats the shoe with a knife and fork, enjoying every mouthful.
a mouthful 一滿口 a handful 一把 a basketful 一籃 a bucketful 一桶
It’s harmful to swallow food at a mouthful. 大口吞食食物是有害的.
I saw him carrying a basketful of vegetables on his way home.
我看到他回家的路上帶著一籃子蔬菜.
8.He makes it seem as if this is one of the most delicious meals that he has ever enjoyed.
It seems(ed0 as if… 看來,似乎是…… as if 引導(dǎo)表語從句
It seems as if there will be a heavy rain soon.
It seemed as if he had discovered the matter already.
9.Having a black hat on, Chaplin carried a stick,…
having a black on 是 -ing 短語,作狀語,表示伴隨動作.
e.g. He sat there, reading a book carefully.
The girls went to their dormitory happily, singing and laughing.
10.His earliest films, all of which were produced in a great hurry, are not often shown today.
in a hurry 匆忙地, 急急忙忙地
He went to school in a hurry, without breakfast.
= He hurried to school, without breakfast.
He was in a great hurry, so he didn’t see me.
11.Pick out the wrong sentences and correct them.
pick out 挑出, 選出
She is going with me to help me pick out a new suit.
He came to the library, picked out a magazine and began to read carefully.
Language record
In this unit I have learned to say in English:
Useful Expressions:
動身去美國 一開始
在二次赴美期間 上演一出戲
扮演一個非常滑稽的角色 練習登場和退場
形成自己的表演風格 撫養(yǎng)
為…所熟知 度過晚年
Sentences:
1.卓別林被認為是電影史上最偉大的、最滑稽的演員之一。
2.他頭戴一頂小黑帽，身穿一條寬大的褲子，上唇蓄著一撇胡須。
3.他給電影配上音樂。“摩登時代”就是屬于這種電影。
4.他由于在電影事業(yè)方面所作的貢獻而獲得了許多榮譽。
5.他被一場暴風雨困在山邊的一座小木屋里。