The Fourth Period

Teaching Aims:

1.Learn and master the following:

(1)Words:plain kilogram clothing chief afterwards widespread rot supply chain willing category

(2)Phrases:in huge numbers fromK(time)on/onwards make agreements with die out in turn have an effect on

2.Review Non-finite Verbs and words used to discribe a place.

3.Train the studentsˇ integrating skills,especially writing skill.

Teaching Important Points:

1.Master the following useful phrases:

in huge numbers fromK(time)on/onwards

make agreements with die out in turn

have an effect on

2.Learn to write a comparison essay.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1.How to help the students understand the passage better.

2.How to help the students finish the task of writing.

Teaching methods:

1.Revision to consolidate what weˇve learnt in the unit.

2.Fast and careful reading to help the students understand the passage better.

3.Discussion to help the students prepare for writing.

Teaching Aids:

1.the multimedia

2.the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

兂Step ⒐ Greetings

Greet the whole class as usual.

兂Step ⒑ Revision

T:Yesterday we reviewed Non-finite Verbs,especially their passive forms.Do you remember that?

Ss:Yes.

T:Very good.Li lin,can you tell us how to change ¨to do〃 and ¨doing〃 into their passive forms?

S1:The passive from of ¨to do〃 is ¨to be done〃,while the passive form of ¨doing〃 is ¨being done〃.

T:Can you make sentences with ¨to be done〃 and ¨being done〃?

S1:I donˇt want to be misunderstood by others.I donˇt mind Li Ping being recommended as our monitor instead of me.

T:Well done!So much for revision.

兂Step ⒒ Reading

T:In the second period,we talked about the history of the USA.We know that native Americans were the first settlers on the plains of America.Today weˇre going to read a passage to learn about the plains of America.Before reading,letˇs learn the new words first.(Teacher deals with the new words with the whole class and makes some explanations if necessary.After that,teacher says the following:)

T:Now,please look at the picture on the screen.(Show the picture on the screen.)

T:Do you know what the animal is called?

Ss:No.

T:Its name is bison.It is a type of cattle which used to exist in huge numbers on the plains of America.Would you like to know more about the bison?

Ss:Yes.

T:OK.Please open your books at Page 46.Read the passage quickly and find the answers to the questions on the screen.

(Teacher shows the questions on the screen.)

1.In what ways did the settlers treat the Native Americans unfairly?

2.What caused a big change in the wildlife on the plains?

(A few minutes later,teacher checks the answers.)

T:Well,stop please!Have you found the answers?

Ss:Yes.

T:Li Tao,answer the first question,please.

S2:The settlers killed them,forced them to leave their hunting grounds,broke agreements they had made,forced them onto poor land,and killed most of the bison on which Native Americans had relied for food.

T:Right.Ther second one?Liu Wei,please.

S3:The killing of large numbers of bison changed the whole wildlife chain on the plains.

T:Good.Now,read the passage carefully again and do the exercise on the screen.

(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

Tick the sentences that are true and correct the false ones.

1.( )The first settlers on the plains were farmers.

2.( )Native Americans willingly gave up land to the settlers.

3.( )The settlers did not deal honestly with the native Americans.

4.( )Settlers ended up with better land than the native Americans.

5.( )Later settlers made use of the bison in the same way as the native Americans.

After reading,first do it by yourself,and then check your answers with your partner.At last,Iˇll check the answers.

Suggested answers:

1.F The first settlers on the plains were native Americans who lived by gathering roots,nuts and wild fruits and hunting wild animals.

2.F They were forced to move away.

3.T

4.T

5.F Native Americans made use of the whole animal when they killed it,but later settlers took only the skins of the bison.

T:You all did a good job!Now,youˇve understood the passage better.Please look at the screen.Letˇs learn some useful expressions in it.

(Teacher shows the following on the screen and explains the use of them to the students.)

1.in huge numbers:in big/large/great numbers

e.g.Food supplies are coming in large numbers.One afternoon I saw ants coming out in huge numbers.

2.a shoulder-height:height from the ground to the shoulder.This is the common way of measuring many large animals,e.g.horses,cattle,deer.

3.fromK(time)on/onwards

e.g.from now on/onwards from 1980 onwards

From 1990 onwards the city began to take on a new look.

4.make/come to/arrive at/sign an agreement/agreements with sb.

e.g.China made an agreement on anti-terrorism with the five countries in the Middle Asia.

5.in turn

e.g.The teacher asked his students to speak in turn.

6.die out

e.g.Many animals are dying out because of pollution and killing.

7.have an effect on/upon

e.g.The cold in spring usually has a bad effect on the growth of plants.

The medicine had no side effects on your body.

(Bb:in huge numbers,a shoulder-height,fromK(time)on/onwards,make agreements with sb.,die out,in turn,have an effect on).

T:OK.Now Iˇll give you more time to reread the last paragraph and then complete the diagram on the screen.(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

Suggested answers:

(1)kill (2)bison waste (3)Bison (4)soil (5)grass (6)insects (7)birds

wolves

T:Well,letˇs listen to the tape without looking at your books,trying to remember everything.Then do another exercise on the screen.(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

Put the sentences in the correct order according to your knowledge about the wildlife.

( )A So there was not enough bison waste to improve the soil.

( )B The plants were getting fewer and fewer.

( )C Millions of bison were killed by settlers.

( )D The soil became poorer,and supported fewer plants.

( )E The insects living on the plants died out.

( )F The wolves and other animals that lived on birds and prairie dogs would have to starve.

( )G With less insects birds couldnˇt get enough food and neither could prairie dogs.

Suggested answers:

AX(2) BX(4) CX(1) DX(3) EX(5) FX(7) GX(6)

兂Step ⒓ Preparation for Writing

T:In the first period,we talked about our hometown,weˇve also learned some useful expressions to describe our hometown.Do you still remember them?

Ss:Yes.

T:Very good.Now,please work in pairs to complete the form on the screen using your knowledge about describing a place.

(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)

Category Examples of words and phrases

Position

Area

Climate

Population

People

Culture Economy

Suggested answers:

Position:in the north/south ofK;in Asia/Europe/America,province

Area:km2,with an area ofK

Climate:cold,warm,cool,temperature,rain,cloudy,windy,snow

Population:million,billion,thousand,hundred,big,with a population of

People:hospitality,friendly,honest,kind,brave,modest

Culture and Economy:developed,developing,prosperous,industry,agriculture,business,tourism

兂Step ⒔ Writing

T:OK.Today weˇre going to write a comparison essay.By comparison,weˇll make people from different countries learn about our country.Before writing,you need to know how to write an essay of this kind.Now,turn to Page 48.Read the tips aloud and learn how to write a comparison essay.

(Teacher gives the students a few minutes to read the tips and then deals with the writing part.)

T:Now imagine that an American middle school student has sent you an e-mail asking for help.The American student has been asked to write about different parts of China.Write a letter to him and compare China and the USA.You can use information at Page 48 from this table if you wish.First,discuss with your partner what to write and make lists of the important similarities and differences.Then,begin to write it on your paper.After finishing it,exchange your writing with your partner and correct the mistakes in it.At last,Iˇll ask some students to read out your essay before the class if time permits.Is that clear?

Ss:Yes.

T:OK.You can begin.

One possible sample:

Dear ⊙⊙,

Thank you for your sending me the e-mail.Iˇve read it.Iˇm glad to know youˇre interested in China.Iˇll try my best to help you learn about China.I hope the letter is of great help to you.

The USA and the PRC are both large countries.Some things about the two countries are similar,while other things are different.

The two countries are about the same size,but the PRC is a little larger with an area of 9.6 million km2.However,the population of PRC is many times larger.It has a population of nearly 1.3 billion but the USA has only about 283 million.This means that there is much more space in the USA for its population.

Many different languages are spoken in China,for example Chinese,Mongolian,Zhuang,etc.In the USA many different languages are also spoken,but the main ones are English and Spanish.Both countries have many different minority groups.For example,in the PRC there are the Miao,the Hui and the Uighurs.The USA has a large black population,and there are also many people from Central America.There is a small Chinese population in the USA too.

Three of the important cities in the USA are New York,the largest city in the USA,Washington,the capital,and Los Angeles.In the PRC there are many cities with large populations.Among the best known are Beijing,the capital,Tianjin,Chongqing and Shanghai,the largest city in the PRC.

Best wishes.

Yours,

⊙⊙⊙

兂Step ⒕ Summary and Homework

T:In this class,weˇve reviewed the contents in the last periods by doing some exercises.Weˇve also read a passage about the bison on the plains of America and learnt some useful phrases in it.At last,weˇve learnt to write a comparison essayXthe USA and China.When writing a comparison essay,we can consider the following:area,population,language,minority groups and Important cities.(Teacher writes them on the blackboard.)After class,review the whole unit.If you havenˇt finished your letter,go on with it.So much for today.Class is over.

兂Step ⒖ Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

Unit 16 The United States of America

The Fourth Period

⒐.Useful Phrases:

in huge numbers a shoulder-height fromK(time) on/onwards make agreements with

die out in turn have an effect on

⒑.How to write a comparison essay

Area Population Languages Minority groups Important cities

兂Step ⒗ Record after Teaching