內(nèi)容

People and work

一、教法建議

【 拋磚引玉 】

單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)

Ⅰ. 語音學(xué)習(xí)

1 . 字母組合 ar 發(fā)［?］ , or 發(fā) ［?］或［?］，er , ir , ur 發(fā)［?］。

2 . 句子重音和語調(diào)。

Ⅱ. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)

drive , driver , farm , farmer , soldier , worker , factory , study , evening , every , with , same , different

Ⅲ. 語法學(xué)習(xí)

1 . 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)：

I / You / We / They work here .

He / She / It works here .

- Do I / you / we / they work here ?

- Yes , I / you / we / they do . No , I / you / we / they don't .

- Does he / she / it work here ?

- Yes , he / she / it does . No , he / she / it doesn't .

2 . 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式：

help→helps ride→rides know→knows guess→guesses teach→teaches do→does fly→flies

Ⅳ. 交際英語

What does he do ? He is a driver .

Where does he work ? He works on a farm .

What do I do ? Where do you work ? Good evening !

-Do you speak Chinese ?

-A little .

【 指點迷津 】

單元重點詞匯點撥

1 . drive 開 ( 汽車等 ) ；駕駛

Can you drive a car ?

Let me drive you home . 讓我開車送你回家吧。

〖 點撥 〗drive 的過去式是 drove 。driver 司機(jī)，駕駛員

I want to be a driver . 我想當(dāng)一名司機(jī)。

-er 是個用途很廣的后綴，加在動詞上，表示“從事某種行業(yè)的人” , 如 teacher ( 教師 ) , writer ( 作家 ) 等。

2 . farm 農(nóng)場

He does a lot of farm work . 他做大量的農(nóng)活。

〖 點撥 〗在農(nóng)場 on the farm ， farmer 農(nóng)民

In summer I help my parents on the farm .

Li Ming's uncle is a farmer . 李明的伯伯是個農(nóng)民。

3 . soldier 士兵，戰(zhàn)士

Look at that soldier . He's my brother . 看那位戰(zhàn)士，他是我哥哥。

Children like to play soldiers . 孩子們喜歡扮演士兵。

〖 點撥 〗注意該詞的發(fā)音。

4 . factory 工廠

How many factories are there in your city ?

The glass factory is open every day . 這家玻璃廠每天都開門。

〖 點撥 〗factory 的復(fù)數(shù)為 factories

5 . study 學(xué)習(xí)

Where does she study ? 她在什么地方學(xué)習(xí) ?

〖 點撥 〗study 還可作名詞“書房”“學(xué)習(xí)，研究”。make a study of對……進(jìn)行研究。

6 . evening 傍晚、晚上

We will have a meeting this evening . 今天晚上我們要開會。

I am always at home in the evening . 晚上我總在家。

〖 點撥 〗在晚上 in the evening ，at night在夜里。注意：English evening英語晚會。

7 . every 每一，每個的

He helped me with my English every evening .

〖 點撥 〗every 作“每一”解，修飾的是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，其后面的謂語動詞及物主代詞也要用單數(shù)。

Every boy and every girl has a pen here .

8 . same 同樣的，同一的

We are in the same class . 我們在同一班。

They all came to my home on the same day .

〖 點撥 〗the same 用在一起。

12 . different 不同的

〖 點撥 〗其名詞為 difference。be different from 與……不同。

My book is quite different from yours . = My book is not the same as yours .

單元詞組思維運用

1 . on a farm 在農(nóng)場

He works on a farm .

2 . in a factory 在工廠里

Do you work in a factory or on a farm ? 你在工廠里工作還是在農(nóng)場里工作 ?

3 . in a shop 在商店

There are a lot of people in the shop on Sundays . 星期天，商店里有許多人。

4 . in a school 在一所學(xué)校

We study in a middle school . 我們在一所中學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)。

How many teachers are there in your school ? 你們學(xué)校有多少教師 ?

5 . near here 在這附近

He works on a farm near here . 他就在這附近的一個農(nóng)場里工作。

6 . in the evening / morning , afternoon 在晚上 / 早上，下午

My father goes to work in the morning .

〖 提示 〗在泛指一天中的早上、中午、晚上時，前面用介詞 in。特指某個上午、下午、晚上用介詞on 。如：We will have an interesting lesson on the evening of Tuesday .

7 . go to classes 去上課

I go to Chinese classes every week . 我每周都去上漢語課。

一、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航

【 學(xué)法指要 】

單元句型思路明晰

1 . 如何詢問某人的職業(yè)

What does he / she do ? 他 ( 她 ) 是干什么工作的 ? (或者：What is your job ? 等)

What does your father do ?

如問“你是干什么工作的 ? ”可說：What do you do ? 此外，還可說：What are you ? What's your father ?

2 . 詢問某人在何處干什么用

Where does he / she work / study ？ 他 ( 她 ) 在哪里工作 ( 學(xué)習(xí)…… ) ?

Where does she live ?

Where does he stay ?

where 為副詞，注意句尾不要再加介詞。但 Where does he come from ?

3 . Good evening ! 晚安 !

寒暄用語。與人見面，午前用 Good morning ; 午后用 Good afternoon ; 黃昏時用 Good evening ；分別時用 Good-bye；如在夜間分別，則用 Good night 。

單元難點疑點釋疑

1 . I like it a lot . 我很高興在中國工作。

這里的 it 指的是 working in China 。

3 . Do you have any children ? 你有孩子嗎 ?

any “任何”后接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞，例如：

Do you have any water ? 你有水嗎 ?

Do you have any sisters ? 你有姐妹嗎 ?

3 . Yes , I do . I have two children-a son and a daughter . 我有兩個孩子， 一個兒子和一個女兒。

Yes , I do 是 I have children 的簡略回答。

two children 兩個孩子，children 是 child 的復(fù)數(shù)形式

a son and a daughter 一個兒子，一個女兒。

a 和 an 是不定冠詞，均用于單數(shù)名詞前，表示某一類人或物中的“一個”，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目概念。

a 用于輔音前，an 用于元音前。例如：

He's a worker . 他是位工人。

This is an orange . 這是一個桔子。

He has an egg . 他有一個雞蛋。

4 . They go to school here . too . but , he says , to a different school form his . 他們在這里上學(xué)但是，他說與他不是同一所學(xué)校。

( 1 ) here 指 in China , his 指 his school .

( 2 ) different…from…“與……不同”“和……不一樣”例如：

Mary is different from Jane . 瑪莉與珍不同。

5 . What do you do ? 你是做什么工作的 ?

( 1 ) 詢問某人的職業(yè)時，可說 What do you do ? 或 What does he / she…do ? What's his / her job ? 例如：

- What does your father do ? 你父親是做什么工作的。

- He's a policeman . 他是警察。

- What do I do ? Can you guess ? 我是做什么工作的 ? 你能猜出來嗎 ?

- I think you must be a film star . 我想你一定是個電影明星。

( 2 ) 注意 What do you do ? 中的兩個 do。第一個 do 是助動詞，沒有詞義，用于構(gòu)成疑問句。第二個 do 是實義動詞，意思是“做”。在用 do 做謂語的否定句或疑問句中，兩個 do 缺一不可。例如：

I don't do my homework in the afternoon . 我不在下午做家庭作業(yè)。

Does your mother do the housework on Saturday or on Sunday ? 你媽媽是星期六還是星期天做家務(wù)活 ?

6 . - Do you speak Chinese ? 你說漢語嗎 ?

- A little 會說一點兒。

A little。是簡略回答，完整的句子是：Yes , I speak a little Chinese .

在日常交際中回答對方問話時，往往不重復(fù)對方所說內(nèi)容，而是簡潔回答。例如：

-Where do you work ? 你在哪兒工作 ?

-Oh , on a farm near here . 哦，在附近的一個農(nóng)場。 ( 完整的回答是：Oh , I work on a farm near here . )

-How do you like China ? 你喜歡中國嗎 ?

-Very much .

7 . Are you all in the same school ? 你們都在同一所學(xué)校嗎 ?

No , we aren't . The children go to a different school . 不，不在。孩子們?nèi)チ硪凰?( 不同的 ) 學(xué)校上學(xué)。

same 和 different 是形容詞。same 意為“同樣的、同一的”；different 意為“不同的”。在句中 same 前要用 the , different 如修飾單數(shù)名詞，前面則要用 a . 例如：

The twins look the same . They are in the same school . But they are in different classes . 這對雙胞胎看上去 ( 長得 ) -樣。他們在同一所學(xué)校，但不同的班級。

Lucy and Lily are wearing the same blouses and trousers . 露西和莉莉穿著同樣的襯衫和褲子。

There are many different things in the shop . 商店里有許多不同的商品。

I don't like the red coat . Please give me a different one . 我不喜歡這件紅色的上衣，請給我一件不同的。

8 . Chinese classes

Chinese classes 意思是語文課。class 有幾個意思，要注意它在不同句子中的不同意思

There are six classes in our grade . 我們年級有六個班。

We have four classes in the morning . 我們上午上四節(jié)課。

Good morning , class ! 同學(xué)們，早晨好 !

9 . with 和 and 的區(qū)別

with 和 and 意思都是“和”，但詞性不一樣。with 是介詞，后面跟名詞或代詞的賓格。例如：

He goes to school with me every day .

I live with my parents .

and 是連詞，連接兩個并列的單詞、短語或句子。例如：

I like red and black .

He likes playing football and watching TV .

Mr Li is our teacher and he is our friend , too .

10 . in a school 和 in school 的區(qū)別

in a school 表示地點，是說明所在的地方。in school 表示“在學(xué)校讀書，求學(xué)”。例如：

Mr Brown teaches English in a school . 布朗夫人在一所學(xué)校教英語。

My brother is in school . 我兄弟在校讀書。

11 . He speaks some Chinese , but not much . 他能講一些中文，但不多。

表示語言的名詞如 Chinese，English , French , Japanese 等是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，可以用 some , a little , much 等修飾，不能用 many 修飾。原句中的 some 可用 a little 代替。but 是連詞，表示語氣的轉(zhuǎn)折，引導(dǎo)一個并列句。but not much 是個省略句，完整的句子是 but he doesn't speak much English。在英語日常交際用語中，特別是對話中常常省略前句已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的詞語，以避免重復(fù)。如：

-Do you speak Japanese ?

-Yes , but only a little . ( = Yes , but I can speak only a little Japanese . )

-Where do you work ?

-On a farm near here . ( = I work on a farm near here . )

-How do you like the park ?

-Very much . ( = I like it very much . )

【 妙文賞析 】

A Very Important Person

Important people often like to show how important they are .

They usually have the largest cars . They live in the biggest houses . They wear the most expensive clothes . They eat in the best restaurants .

Mr . Mammoth , the president of Acme . , was an important man . Acme Inc . was an important company , one of the biggest in the country .

Thousands of men and women worked for it .

The offices of Acme Inc . were in The Acme Building . This was one of the tallest buildings in the city . It had fifty floors .

Mr . Mammoth , the president , had his office on the top floor . One day a man came to see him . He walked up to Mr . Mammoth’s secretary . She was , of course , the most beautiful secretary in the company .

“ My name is John Watkins , ” he told her . “ I have come to see Mr . Mammoth . My appointment is at ten o’clock . ”

The most beautiful secretary in the building looked at the clock on the wall . It was the largest clock in the company .

“ It is ten o’clock now , ” she said . “ You are on time for your appointment . However , I am afraid you cannot see Mr . Mammoth . ”

John Watkins was surprised .

“ Oh ? Why is that ? ” he asked .

“ Mr . Mammoth is playing golf . ”

“ Oh , ” John Watkins said . “ Then he won’t be coming to his office today . ”

The most beautiful secretary in the company smiled at him .

“ Mr . Mammoth’s already here , ” “ He has the largest office in the world . ”

注釋：president 總裁。Inc 有限公司 ( Incorporated 的縮寫，英國人多用Ltd ) 。company 公司。 secretary 秘書 。appointment 約會。surprise 使驚奇。golf 高爾夫球。smile 微笑。

【 思維體操 】

1 . Which letters mean the twenty - six letters of English ? _______

2 . A big American and a little American were in a car . The little American was the big American son . But the big American was not his father . Who was the big American ? ______

答案：1 . ABC 2 . The little American's mother .

三、智能顯示

【 心中有數(shù) 】

單元語法發(fā)散思維

※ 一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別：

一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)或習(xí)慣性的動詞，常和時間狀語 always , often , usually , sometimes , every and , in the morning , on Sundays 等連用。

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示此時此刻或說話瞬間正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和時間狀語 now 連用。如：

Do you often go and see your teacher ? 你經(jīng)常去看你的老師嗎 ?

I always clean my bedroom on Sundays . 我總在每周日打掃臥室。

She is cleaning her bedroom now . 她現(xiàn)在正在打掃臥室。

Listen ! Who is singing in the room ? 聽 ! 誰在房間唱歌 ?

※ 句子的種類：

英語的句子按其用途可分為：

( 1 ) 陳述句：用來說明事實或說話人的看法。

She doesn't like swimming .

( 2 ) 疑問句：用來提出問題。分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。

Is Jim in Class 2 or ( in ) Class 1 ?

She is a good girl , isn't she ?

( 3 ) 祈使句：用來表示請求、命令。

Throw it like this。像這樣扔。

Don't throw it like that . 不要像那樣扔。

( 4 ) 感嘆句：用來表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的感情。

What a good boy he is !

How beautiful our school is !

【 動手動腦 】

單元能力立體檢測

1 . The boy ____ a blue coat is Jack .

A . at B . of C . on D . in

2 . Lucy looks like Lily . Do you think ____ ?

A . so B . it C . this D . that

3 . There is ____ on the table .

A . three cups of tea B . three cup of teas

C . three cups of teas D . a cup of tea

4 . The students play games ____ Thursday afternoon .

A . on B . at C . in D . of

5 . My father ____ in shop , but he ___ there these days .

A . works , isn't working B . is working , works

C . works , not works D . is work , doesn't work

6 . There aren't ____ flowers in this school .

A . many B . much C . some D . a lot

7 . Are there any ____ in the house ?

A . meat B . milk C . orange D . people

8 . What does he teach ____ ?

A . her B . his C . your D . their

9 . We get up ____ .

A . at six in the morning B . at six of the morning

C . in the morning at six D . in morning on six

10 . “Whose room is this ? ”“____ . ”

A . The twins B . The twin's C . The twins' D . The twin

11 . These are your shoes . Those are ____ .

A . their B . her C . his D . your

12 . The ____ is Wang Ping .

A . boy's name's B . boy's name C . girl's names D . girls' names'

13 . -____ your family with you in England ?

-No , they are in China .

A . Is B . Do C . Are D . Does

14 . -What do you think of the Chinese people ?

-____ very friendly .

A . They are B . It is C . He is D . She is

15 . Look ! Uncle Wang ____ a machine .

A . is doing B . is making C . does D . makes

16 . Could I have ____ ?

A . an orange B . some apple C . a little banana D . any milk

17 . ____ your uncle work here in this factory ?

A . Do B . Does C . Is D . Are

18 . Take your coat ____ you , please .

A . of B . about C . with D . at

19 . One of ____ up and answers the question .

A . boys stand B . the boy stands C . the boys stands D . the boys stand

20 . I can only do ____ .

A . one of questions B . one of the question

C . a one of the question D . one of the questions

答案與提示：1 . 本題意思是，穿著藍(lán)色上衣的那個男孩是 Jack，表示“穿著”，用介詞 in。 2 . 本題意思是，Lucy 看起來像 Lily，你認(rèn)為是嗎 ? 問對方是否也有同樣的想法或看法，英語中常說 Do you think so ? 此處 so 為代詞，代替上句提到過的事情。在這個句型中 think 后面不可用其它代詞。 3 . 本題表示不可數(shù)名詞的量，用一個相當(dāng)于量詞的可數(shù)名詞后加 of，前面再用數(shù)詞修飾，如 two pieces of paper ( 兩張紙 ) ，three bottles of beer ( 三瓶啤酒 ) ，原來的不可數(shù)名詞后仍不加 -s，據(jù)此，本題應(yīng)選 A。 4 . 表示在某一天的上午、下午、晚上，介詞用 on，而籠統(tǒng)地說在上午，下午，晚上用 in。試比較 : in the morning , on Sunday morning . 5 . 前一句表示父親在這家商店工作，這是父親上班的地方，是經(jīng)常性習(xí)慣性的動作，故用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，后一句說明父親這幾天不在該店工作，這是臨時的，是目前幾天的情況，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)，據(jù)上，本題應(yīng)選 A。 6 . flower 是可數(shù)名詞，句子是否定句，故只能選 A。much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，some 用在肯定句中，a lot 修飾動詞，只有 a lot of 才可修飾名詞，故均應(yīng)排除。 7 . 本題是 there + be 的句型，從謂語動詞 Are 來分析，主語肯定是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故應(yīng)選 D。AB 兩項中的名詞不可數(shù)，C 項的orange 是單數(shù)，均不合語法規(guī)則。 8 . 本題動詞 teach 帶有兩個賓語，代表物的是直接賓語，在本題中就是 what，代表人的間接賓語應(yīng)該是人稱代詞的賓格，故選 A。其余三項均為物主代詞，不符合語法規(guī)則。 9 . 本題意思是：我們早晨六點起床，表示在幾點鐘，用介詞 at，在早晨用 in the morning。故 A 為正確答案。 10 . 本題檢測名詞所有格的用法，雙胞胎是 twins，是以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞，其名詞所有格只須在詞尾加 ’即可，故 C 項為正確答案。 11 . 本題意思是：這些是你的鞋了，那些是他的。后一句中的物主代詞無名詞，故應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞，只有 C 項符合要求，其余三項均是形容詞性物主代詞。 12 . 本題意為：這男孩名叫王平。主語是 name，根據(jù)題意，應(yīng)為單數(shù)，且名詞所有格只能作定語，不能作主語，故排除 ACD 三項，B 項為正確選擇。 13 . 本題難點在于確定主語 family 是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，在題中 family 作“家庭成同”且在答句中用 they 來代替，據(jù)此，應(yīng)選 C。 14 . Chinese people 意為“中國人民”，是復(fù)數(shù)，故相應(yīng)的人稱代詞應(yīng)用 they，所以應(yīng)選 A。 15 . 從動詞 look ( 看 ) 可推知，該動作正在進(jìn)行，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。又表示“造機(jī)器”，應(yīng)用動詞 make 故選 B。 16 . apple 是可數(shù)名詞，被 some 修飾時應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，但 banana 是可數(shù)名詞在 Could I have… ? 這種問句中，問者顯然是希望得到肯定回答的，故不能用 any，應(yīng)用 some。據(jù)上只有 A 為正確答案。 17 . 本題主語是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，謂語是行為動詞，構(gòu)成一般疑問句，應(yīng)用助動詞 does，故應(yīng)選 B。 18 . 叫某人帶上某物，用 take sth . with sb . 。本題意思是：請帶上你的外套。所以選作介詞 with。 19 . One of 后應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，在該復(fù)數(shù)名詞前還應(yīng)有定冠詞。本題主語是 one，屬第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)加 -s，故選 C。 20 . 本題與上題相同，one of 后加復(fù)數(shù)名詞，并在復(fù)數(shù)名詞前加上定冠詞。

【 創(chuàng)新園地 】

將下列句子重新排列，使其成為一段意思完整的對話：

1 . What do you do ?

2 . In a shoe factory .

3 . Do you have any children ?

4 . Of course . He's a middle school student .

5 . What's your name , please ?

6 . I'm worker .

7 . John King .

8 . Where do you work ?

9 . Only a son .

10 . Is he a student ?

( 請同學(xué)們把你寫好的答案反饋給我們 )

創(chuàng)新園地答案：5-7-1-6-8-2-3-9-10-4