The Fifth Period

Non-finite Verbs

Teaching Aim:

Revise the Non-finite Verbs and Non-finite passive form.Get the students to do some exercises to master its usage,and correct the common mistakes that students make when doing exercises.

Teaching Important Point:

Master the usage of the Non-finite verb form,especially how to choose the correct form when we use it.

Teaching Difficult Point:

How to choose the correct form when the v.-ing form is used as adverbial and how to change the v.-ing form into a clause.

Teaching Methods:

Review inductive,discussion methods.

Teaching Aids:

1.the blackboard

2.the multimedia

Teaching Procedures:

Step Ⅰ Greetings and Lead-in

(Greet the students as usual.)

T:In this class,we’ll discuss how to use the Non-finite Verb.Let’s divide it into three parts,i.e.the Infinitive,the v.-ing and the Past Participle.Then we’ll do some exercises to master its usage and at last we’ll do a test.OK.Let’s study the first part: The Infinitive (Write them on the blackboard.)

Step Ⅱ Discussion

(Teacher lets students look at some sentences on the screen and pay attention to the under lined phrases.)

T:Please look at these sentences on the screen.

(Show the following on the screen.)

I want to go shopping.(object)

2. To answer the question is not easy.(subject)

3.Would you like anything to drink?(attribute)

4.He went to help the farmers. (adverbial)

5.She wanted you to ring her.(object complement)

As you know,the infinitives in these sentences are used as subject,object,object complement,attribute and adverbial for purpose.Maybe some of them are hard for you to master,but in fact they are very important.

Step Ⅲ Summary the Forms,the Tenses

and the Usages of the Infinitive and the

Infinitive Phrase

T:Today let’s sum up and review the forms and usages of the Infinitives.Please look at the diagram on the screen.

(Show the following on the screen.)

Forms of the Infinitive

Active Passive

Indefinite to do to be done

Perfect to have done to have been done

Continuous to be doing --

Perfect continuous to have been doing --

Negative form not/never to do

T:The tenses of the infinitive express time relatively to that of the predicate verb.If the action expressed by the infinitive is of the same time as or of later time than that expressed by the predicate verb,the infinitive or continuous forms should be used.If the action expressed by the infinitive is of earlier time than that expressd by the predicated verb,the perfect infinitive should be used.Please look at the examples on the screen.

(Show the following on the screen.)

I hope to visit Beijing again.=I hope that I’ll visit Beijing again.

He seemed to have known this.=It seemed that he had known this.

He seems to be studying hard.=It seems that he is studying hard.

T:Attention,please.

(1)The Infinitive without “to” is used after the verbs:make,have,let,feel,listen to,hear,watch,look at,see,notice,observe,etc.

(Write them on the blackboard.)

e.g.We saw him cross the street.

I listened to her sing a song.

But in the Passive Voice,the infinitive with “to” must be used.

e.g.He was seen to cross the street.

She was heard to open the door.

(2)The infinitive can be with “to”or without “to” after the verb “help”.

e.g.He helped me(to)carry the books upstairs.

Step Ⅳ Consolidation and Practice

T:Now you have known the usages of the Infinitive.Let’s do some exercise.Please look at the screen.

(Show the following on the screen.)

Choose the best answer to fill in the blanks:

1.They asked me______it a secret.

A.to keep B.keeping C.to be kept D.kept

2.The doctor did everything he could______the patient.

A.save B.to save C.saving D.saved

3.They don’t need______so early this time.

A.leave B.left C.to leave D.leaving

4.Could you lend me a pen______?

A.to write B.to write by C.to write in D.to write with

5.It was foolish______you to give up what you rightly owned.

A.for B.of C.about D.from

6.Last summer I took a course on______.

A.how to make dresses B.how dresses he made

C.how to be made dresses D.how dresses to be made

7.Tom kept quiet about the accident______lose his job.

A.so not as to B.so as not to C.so as to not D.not so as to

8.-The light in the office is still on.

-Oh,I forgot______.

A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off

9.We agreed______here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.

A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met

10.John was made______the truck for a week as a punishment.

A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing

Suggested answers:

1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.A

T:Now let’s deal with Part 2:the v.-ing(Write it on the blackboard)Please look at the screen.Pay attention to the function of the underlined parts.(Show them on the screen.)

1.Beating a child will do more harm than good.

2.I hate writing letters.

3.Do you mind my making a suggestion?

4.I’m looking forward to seeing you at Christmas.

5.Your hair needs cutting.(=Your hair needs to be cut.)

T:Who can tell us the function of the v.-ing in each sentence?Please try your best.

S1:I’ll try.No.1,“beating” is used as subject.No.2,3,4,5,all the v.-ing are used as objects.

T:Can we transform the second sentence into “I hate to write letters”?

Ss:No,we can’t.

T:You’re right.In English,the v.-ing is only used after some verbs,they are:admit,avoid consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse feellike,finish,give up,can’t help,imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,understand.(Write them on the Bb.)

e.g.Have you considered getting a job in the city?I enjoy travelling abroad.

Attention,please.

When the v.-ing is used after “need,require and want”,it can express the passive meaning.

e.g.The garden needs watering.(=The garden needs to be watered.)

T:Now,look at some other sentences on the screen.

(Show the following on the screen.)

1.The train standing at Platform Eight is for Wuhan.

2.People shopping carry many plastic bags.

3.Hearing the noise,they immediately rushed out of the room.

4.Having graduated from the college,he went to a factory.

Have a discussion in groups of four and then find out the function of the v.-ing(or present participle)in each sentence.

(Teacher goes among the students to help them.)

(A few minutes later)

T:OK.Who wants to say?

S2:Let me try.In No.1 and 2,the v.-ing is used as attribute.In No.3 and 4,the v.-ing is used as adverbial.

T:You’re right.We should notice No.3 and 4.When the action takes place at the same time or immediately before the action indicated by the main verb,we use the v.-ing form.When the action has been finished before the action indicated by the main verb,we should use the perfect participle-having done.Is that clear?

Ss:Yes.

Step Ⅴ Practice

T:Now,let’s do some exercises.Look at the screen,please.Change the clause into a v.-ing form in each sentence.You can make any change if necessary.You may discuss in pairs.

(Show the following on the blackboard)

1.As Peter was feeling ill,he decided to stay at home.

2.When I had finished my homework,I began to preview my lessons.

3.If you heat water,you can change it into steam.

4.They stood at the east end of the bridge and waited for the bus.

Suggested answers:

1.Being ill,Peter decided to stay at home.

2.Having finished my homework,I began to preview my lessons.

3.Heating water,you can change it into steam.

4.They stood at the east end of the bridge,waiting for the bus.

T:From the sentences above,we can see that the v.-ing form can be used to express cause(1),time(2),condition(3)and manner or accompanied situation(4).Generally speaking,when the v.-ing form is used to express cause,time or condition,it is often put before the main clause;when it is used to express manner or accompanied situation,it is often put after the main clause.Are you clear about it?

Ss:Yes.

Step Ⅵ Consolidation

T:Now let’s do some exercises on the screen.You can discuss in pairs.Then I’ll check the answers.

(Show the following on the screen.)

Complete these sentences with the given words using the v.-ing forms:

1.______a brave woman,the servant let him into the castle.(be)

2.______fire to the castle,the two escaped into the woods.(set)

3.With his heart______hard,he knocked at the door.(beat)

4.______for three days,the revolutionary arrived at the castle.(travel)

5.While______near the gates,he saw a vegetable cart coming along the road.(wait)

Suggested answers:

1.Being 2.Having set 3.beating 4.Having travelled 5.waiting

(A few minutes later,teacher checks the answers.)

T:Now let’s look at the third part:Past Participle.(Write them on the blackboard.)

We know that the Past Participle can be used as attribute to modify a noun.Now look at these sentences.

(Show the following on the screen.)

1.The stolen car was found by the police last night.

2.I received the letter written by my old friend Jane.

T:Can you tell us the difference between the Past Participles used in these two sentences?

S3:Let me try.The Past Participle in the first sentence is put before the noun it modifies,but the one in the second sentence is put after the noun it modifies.

T:Yes,you’re right.Does anyone know why?

S4:I think it’s because in the first sentence,the Past Participle is only one word,but in the second sentence,it’s a Past Participle phrase.

T:That’s right.Now,look at some different sentences.

(Show the following on the screen.)

1.Don’t speak until spoken to.

2.Given more time,we could do the work better.

3.Destroyed by the earthquake,the house had to be rebuilt.

T:What are these Past Participles used as?

Ss:They’re all used as adverbial.

T:Yes.You’re right.And we know that the Past Participle as Adverbial can express different adverbials,such as time,cause,condition,manner.Do you know what the Past Participle in each sentence expresses?Who knows?

S5:The Past Participle in the first sentence expresses time.The second one expresses condition.And the last one expresses cause.

T:Let’s look at the blackboard.

(Teacher writes the following on the blackboard.)

1.Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.

2.Seeing from the hill,we can see our beautiful school.

T:Look at these two sentences carefully.Who can tell us the difference between them?

S6:The first sentence uses the Past Participle as the Adverbial while the second sentence uses the Present Participle as the Adverbial.

T:Good.Do you know why?

S7:Because the subject in the first sentence is “our school”,but in the second sentence the subject is “we”.

T:Very good.When we are using Participles,we should pay attention to the subjects in the sentences,and the Participle we use must have the same logical subject as the subject in the sentence.If the subject in the sentence receives the action,we should use the Past Participle as Adverbial;if the subject in the sentence does the action,we should use the Present Participle as Adverbial.Is that clear?

Ss:Yes.

Step Ⅶ Practice

T:OK.Now,look at the screen.Let’s do some more exercises.You may discuss with your partner.

(Show the following on the screen.)

1.As soon as she entered the room,the girl caught sight of the flowers______by her mother.

A.buying B.being bough C.were bought D.bought

2.______along the street,he came across his old friend.

A.Walking B.Walked C.Walk D.To walk

3.The man______Li Ming used to live here.

A.called B.calling C.to call D.call

4.The sports meet______last week is very important.

A.holding B.being held C.held D.hold

Suggested answers:

1.D 2.A 3.A 4.C

Step Ⅷ Test

T:That’s all for the three parts.Now let’s have a test.You have to do it by yourself.After a while,I’ll check the answers.Look at the screen.

(Show the following on the screen.)

1.______the past,our life is much better.

A.Comparing with B.Be compared

C.To compare with D.Compared with

2.I went to see him,______him out.

A.finding B.find C.only to find D.to finding

3.He was so foolish______his car unlocked.

A.to leave B.that leave C.as to leave D.for him to leave

4.Why do you stand and watch the milk______over?

A.boiling B.boiled C.from boiling D.having been boiled

5.I regret______you that we are unable to offer you employment.

A.informing B.having informed

C.to inform D.to informing

6.Excuse me,but it’s time to have your temperature______.

A.taking B.to be taken C.take D.taken

7.This book is worthy of______twice.

A.reading B.read C.having read D.being read

8.______from space,the earth,with water______seventy percent of its surface,looks like a blue ball.

A.Seen;covered B.Seen;covering

C.Seeing;covering D.Seeing;covered

9.Why do you have the lights______all night long?

A.burn B.to burn C.burning D.burned

10.______in the heavy snow,he walked into a shop.

A.Having caught B.To be caught C.Having been caught D.Catching

Suggested answers:

1.D 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.C

Step Ⅸ Homework

T:After class,you should do more exercises to master them.OK.Time is up.So much for today.See you tomorrow!

Ss:See you tomorrow!

Step Ⅹ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

Unit 16 The United States of America

The Fifth Period

Non-finite Verbs

Ⅰ.The Infinitive

make,have,let,feel,listen to,hear,watch,look at,see,notice,observe etc.

Ⅱ.The v.-ing

admit,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,feel like,finish,give up,can’t help,imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,understand

Ⅲ.Past Participle

1.Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.

2.Seeing from the hill,we can see our beautiful school.

Step Ⅺ Record after Teaching