1, freedom n自由
The children enjoyed the freedom of the school holidays.
孩子們喜歡學(xué)校放假時(shí)的無拘無束。
During the school holidays the children enjoyed their freedom.
假期里孩子們過得自由自在。
（與form連用）解脫；免除
freedom from taxation 免稅
take freedoms with sb.對(duì)某人放肆
use freedoms with
對(duì)某人放肆
with freedom自由地; 隨便地, 無拘束地
We have freedom of speech .
我們有言論自由。
Be free to do sth.
Everyone is free to express himself.
Free from 不受什么的影響
Free the bird
Free freely
For free/nothing/free of charge
2, civil
adj.全民的, 市民的, 公民的 平民的
He left the army and resumed civil life.
他脫離軍隊(duì)，恢復(fù)平民生活。
civil rights 公民權(quán)
civil case 民事案件
civil war 內(nèi)戰(zhàn)
Be civil to the headmaster.
對(duì)校長(zhǎng)要禮貌些。
Uncivil粗野的 不文明的
civil engineering土木工程（學(xué)）
be civil to對(duì)...有禮貌
3, murder 謀殺
an attempted murder殺人未遂
a case of murder兇殺案
murder a piece of music把一支曲子演奏得很糟糕
He murdered the whole work.他毀了全部工作。
murderee被謀殺者
murderer兇手, 殺人犯
The murder is out.真相大白; 水落石出。
4, youth
In his youth he was a soldier. 他年輕時(shí)當(dāng)過兵。
the youth of the country 這個(gè)國(guó)家的青少年
youthy adj.年青的; 佯裝年青的
5, prison監(jiān)獄
He was in prison for ten years. 他在獄中待了10年。
He has been in prison for five years.他坐了五年牢
go to prison入獄, 被監(jiān)禁
go to the prison to see sb.探監(jiān)
（school hospital church office sea）
work at sea水手/live at the sea
be taken to prison被關(guān)入監(jiān)獄
break prison [jail]escape from prison越獄, 從獄中逃走
cast [throw,put] into[in] prison下獄, 投進(jìn)監(jiān)牢
6, revolution革命；劇烈的變革
The army officers led a revolution against the king. 軍官們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一次反國(guó)王的革命。
the revolution of the moon round the earth 月球繞地球轉(zhuǎn)
the revolution of the seasons季節(jié)的循環(huán)
revolutionism革命主義[學(xué)說, 原理]
revolutionist革命者(的), 革命家(的), 革命論者(的)
American Revolution (=Revolutionary War)
[美]【史】(1775-1783年宣布脫離英國(guó)的)美 國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
green revolution綠色革命; 農(nóng)業(yè)革命
7, join hands with v.同...聯(lián)合, 合伙
8, slavery奴隸制 slave奴隸keep break put to an end
liberty n.自由, 特權(quán),
be sold into slavery被賣為奴隸
9, soul n靈魂
serve the people heart and soul全心全意地為人民服務(wù)
put one's heart and soul into the work全神貫注地工作
the soul of a book一本書的精髓
the soul of uprightness正直的典型
10, arrest vt逮捕
The criminal was arrested yesterday. 罪犯昨天被捕了。
The police made three arrests yesterday. 警察昨天執(zhí)行了三項(xiàng)逮捕行動(dòng)。
be under arrest 被拘留
arrest the bleeding of blood止血
arrest sb.'s eye惹人注目, 引起某人的注意
The policeman arrested the thief.警察逮捕了小偷。
be put under arrest被捕, 在拘留中
be held under arrest被捕, 在拘留中
be placed under arrest被捕, 在拘留中
arrest sb. for因某事而逮捕某人
11, separation
separate區(qū)別的；不同的
They have gone to separate places. 他們?nèi)チ烁鞑幌嗤牡胤健?/p>
The children sleep in separate beds. 孩子們分別睡在各自的床上。
separate
vt, vi分開； 離開；脫離
The two children separated at the end of the road. 兩個(gè)孩子在路的盡頭分手了。
A fence separated the cows from the pigs. 圍欄把奶牛和豬分開。
separate the good ones from the bad ones把好的和壞的分開
We talked until midnight and then separated(parted).我們談到午夜才分手。
The two questions are quite separate.這兩個(gè)問題是完全不相關(guān)的。
Divide… into
Our class is divided into four groups
He divides his time between work and play
England is separated from France by the English Channel.
Separately adv.分別[獨(dú)立, 各自]地
Separateness n.
be separated by被 ... 隔斷
be separated from和...分離開, 和...分散
separate into分離成
They were pleased to meet after such a long separation. 久別重逢，他們非常高興。
12, race1
a horse race 賽馬
a 10-mile race 10英里賽跑
I'll race you to that tree. 我們賽跑到那棵樹。
to race with sb. 與某人比賽
種族；人種the Negro race 黑種人
the white races 白種人
the race for mayor市長(zhǎng)競(jìng)選
out of the race沒有成功的可能
in the race有成功的可能
run one's race走完一生的旅程, 壽命終了
racial adj.人種的, 種族的, 種族間的
13, marriage
(marry(y→i)結(jié)婚+-age 名詞后綴)結(jié)婚
My sister's marriage took place at ten o'clock today. 我姐姐的婚禮今天10點(diǎn)舉行。
Wedding
Are you -ied or single?你結(jié)婚了還是單身?
He is a married man.他是個(gè)已結(jié)了婚的男人
Marry sb.
Be/get married to
14, forbid forbade;forbidden
vt -bidding 禁止，不準(zhǔn)，不許
Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. 演奏廳內(nèi)不準(zhǔn)吸煙。
I forbid you to go swimming. 我不準(zhǔn)你去游泳。(forbid sb. To do sth. Forbid sth/doing sth.)
Most of the parents agree to forbade their children to smoke.
大多數(shù)父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽煙。
Her father forbade their marriage.
Parking forbidden !禁止停車 !
The storm forbids us to go out.暴風(fēng)雨使我們不能外出。
God forbid!但愿別(發(fā)生此事)! 但愿上帝阻止(這事發(fā)生)!
15, vote for投票贊成
vote against投票反對(duì)
vote on就什么投票
the new act came to the vote提交表決
vote to do sth.
Vote that (should )
The committee voted that the game should be call off.
voter n.投票者
16, political politics
17, set an example to做...榜樣, 樹立(好)榜樣
for example例如
give an example to做...榜樣, 樹立(好)榜樣
take example for以...為例
E-is better than precept.[諺]身教勝于言教。
I rely on you to set a good example to the workers.
18, demand
It is impossible to satisfy all demands. 有求必應(yīng)是不可能的。
Teachers are in demand in this area. 在這個(gè)地區(qū)很需要教師。
ask call for inquire need require want supply
I demand that John (should) go there at once.我要約翰馬上去那兒。
This work demands your patience.這項(xiàng)工作需要你的耐心。
There is a great demand for such books.這種書需要量很大。
【說明】 demand 后接不定式, 不能接動(dòng)名詞; 被要求的人作為賓語時(shí)用of引出, 如: I demanded an answer of him. 我要求他答復(fù)。后面從句中的動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣如: I demand that one of you (should) go there at once. 我要求你們中間一人立即到那里去! (美國(guó)用法省略should)
he demanded to be told everything
Tom demanded an immediate answer of Jack.
All the passengers are required to show their tickets.
in (great) demand需要量很大; 許多人都需要
make demands of對(duì)...提出要求; 有求于
make demands on對(duì)...提出要求; 有求于
meet the demand滿足需要; 符合要求
19, They're boycotting the shop. 他們聯(lián)合抵制那家商店。
to boycott a meeting 拒絕出席會(huì)議
20, discrimination
discriminat[e]辨別 + -ion 名詞后綴
n區(qū)別力；辨別力 歧視
Discrimination against women is not allowed. 歧視婦女是不能允許的。
a fine discrimination in choosing wine有品酒的鑒別力
21,Government has passed an Act forbidding the killing of rare animals.
國(guó)會(huì)通過了一項(xiàng)法令，禁止捕殺珍稀動(dòng)物。
22.depend---dependence---independence
23, The house is in a good [bad] condition.房子條件良好［不好］。
weather conditions氣候條件living conditions
on condition that條件是
conditional adj.有條件的, 引起條件反應(yīng)的
unconditional adj.無條件的, 絕對(duì)的, 無限制的absolutely
an unconditional surrender無條件投降
24, abolish取消；廢除；廢止；革除
to abolish slavery 廢除奴隸制
do away with put an end to
Bad customs should be abolished.壞的風(fēng)俗應(yīng)當(dāng)廢除。
25, prejudice n偏見；成見
A judge must be free from prejudice. 法官不應(yīng)存有偏見。
social prejudice社會(huì)偏見
He has a prejudice against all foreigners.他對(duì)所有的外國(guó)人都有偏見。
be prejudiced against [in favour of] a person對(duì)某人有反感[好感]
a prejudice against [in favour of]對(duì)...的不利[有利]偏見
prejudice sb. against使某人對(duì)...產(chǎn)生偏見
prejudice sb.in favour of使某人對(duì)...產(chǎn)生好感
pride and prejudice傲慢與偏見
26， regardless adj（與of連用）不管…的；不顧…的
He says what he thinks, regardless of other people's feelings.
他怎么想就怎么說，不考慮別人的情緒。
take no notice of不注意, 不理會(huì)ignore
27, at first sight
Unit 14
1, freedom n自由
The children enjoyed the freedom of the school holidays.
我們有言論自由。___________________
（與form連用）解脫；免除freedom from taxation 免稅
take freedoms with sb.對(duì)某人放肆with freedom自由地; 隨便地, 無拘束地
adj.______ adv.__________
Be free to do sth.
每個(gè)人都可以自由地表達(dá)_________________________
Free from 不受什么的影響Free the bird_____________
For free_________ _________ 免費(fèi)地
2, civil
adj.全民的, 市民的, 公民的 平民的
civil rights_____civil case_______civil war_______civil engineering___________
Be civil to the headmaster. 對(duì)校長(zhǎng)要禮貌些。
Uncivil_____________
be civil to對(duì)...有禮貌_______________
____________ n.文明, 文化, 文明社會(huì)
3, murder 謀殺
an attempted murder___________a case of murder___________
murder a piece of music_______________
____________________他毀了全部工作。
murderee_____________murderer_______________
The murder is out._________________________
4, youth
In his youth he was a soldier. 他年輕時(shí)當(dāng)過兵。
the youth of the country
5, prison監(jiān)獄
He was in prison for ten years._________________
He has been in prison for five years._____________________
go to prison入獄, 被監(jiān)禁be taken to prison被關(guān)入監(jiān)獄
break prison [jail]________
cast [throw,put]sb. into[in] prison下獄, 投進(jìn)監(jiān)牢
6, revolution革命；劇烈的變革
The army ________ led a revolution against the king. 軍官們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一次反國(guó)王的革命。
the revolution of the moon round the earth 月球繞地球轉(zhuǎn)
the revolution of the seasons___________
revolutionism_____________ _____________革命者(的), 革命家(的), 革命論者(的)
American Revolution (=Revolutionary War)___________________
_____________綠色革命; 農(nóng)業(yè)革命
7, join hands with v.同...聯(lián)合, 合伙join hand in hand同心協(xié)力
8, slavery奴隸制 ________奴隸
9, soul n靈魂
_______________ ___________全心全意地為人民服務(wù)
put one's heart and soul into the work______________________
the soul of a book____________________
the soul of uprightness正直的典型
10, arrest vt逮捕
______________________罪犯昨天被捕了。
______________________警察逮捕了小偷。
The police made three arrests yesterday.
be under arrest 被拘留
arrest the bleeding of blood止血
arrest sb.'s eye惹人注目, 引起某人的注意
be put/ held/ placed under arrest被捕, 在拘留中
arrest sb. for因某事而逮捕某人
11, separation
separate區(qū)別的；不同的
They have gone to __________. 他們?nèi)チ烁鞑幌嗤牡胤健?/p>
The children sleep_________________. 孩子們分別睡在各自的床上。
Separate vt, vi分開； 離開；脫離
The two children separated at the end of the road.
A fence ____________________________. 圍欄把奶牛和豬分開。
_____________________把好的和壞的分開
______________________________我們談到午夜才分手。
_____________________________-這兩個(gè)問題是完全不相關(guān)的。
divide… into
Our class is ________ into four groups
He ________ his time between work and play
England is_________ from France by the English Channel.
____________adv.分別[獨(dú)立, 各自]地
Separateness n.
be separated by被 ... 隔斷
be separated from和...分離開, 和...分散
separate into分離成
They were pleased to meet after such a long separation.
12, race比賽
a horse race 賽馬a 10-mile race 10英里賽跑to race with sb. 與某人比賽
種族；人種the Negro race_________, ____________ 白種人
the race for mayor市長(zhǎng)競(jìng)選
out of the race沒有成功的可能in the race有成功的可能
run one's race走完一生的旅程, 壽命終了
____________adj.人種的, 種族的, 種族間的
13, marriage
_____________________________我姐姐的婚禮今天10點(diǎn)舉行。wedding
Are you -ied or single?_________________
He is a married man._________________
Marry sb.Be/get married to
14, forbid forbade;forbidden vt -bidding 禁止，不準(zhǔn)，不許
Smoking is forbidden in the concert hall. ________________
I forbid you to go swimming._____________________
Her father forbade their marriage.
Parking forbidden !禁止停車 !_______________
________________________暴風(fēng)雨使我們不能外出。
God forbid!但愿別(發(fā)生此事)! 但愿上帝阻止(這事發(fā)生)!
15, vote for投票贊成vote against投票反對(duì)vote on就什么投票
The new act came to the vote提交表決
vote to do sth. Vote that (should )
The committee voted that the game should be call off.___________________________
voter n.投票者
16, set an example to做...榜樣, 樹立(好)榜樣
I rely on you to set a good example to the workers.
for example____________give an example to_______________
take example for___________________take … for example __________________
E-is better than precept.[諺]身教勝于言教。
18, demand
It is impossible to satisfy all demands. _____________
Teachers are in demand in this area. _____________________
I demand that John (should) go there at once.
This work demands your patience.這項(xiàng)工作需要你的耐心。
There is a great demand for such books.這種書需要量很大。
He demanded to be told everything.
Tom demanded an immediate answer of Jack.
All the passengers are _________to show their tickets.
in (great) demand______________
make demands of對(duì)...提出要求; 有求于
make demands on對(duì)...提出要求; 有求于
meet the demand滿足需要; 符合要求
19, They're boycotting the shop. __________
to boycott a meeting ______________
20, discrimination n區(qū)別力；辨別力 歧視
Discrimination against women is not allowed. _______________________
a fine discrimination in choosing wine_________________________
21,Government has passed an Act forbidding the killing of rare animals.
______________________________
22.depend---dependence---independence
23, The house is in a good [bad] condition.房子條件良好［不好］。
weather conditions氣候條件living conditions_____________
on condition that條件是
conditional adj.有條件的, 引起條件反應(yīng)的unconditional adj.無條件的, 絕對(duì)的, 無限制的
24, abolish取消；廢除；廢止；革除
to abolish slavery _______________._________________________壞的風(fēng)俗應(yīng)當(dāng)廢除。
25, prejudice n偏見；成見
A judge must be free from prejudice. ____________________
social prejudice_______________
He has a prejudice against all foreigners.他對(duì)所有的外國(guó)人都有偏見。
be prejudiced against [in favour of] a person對(duì)某人有反感[好感]
a prejudice against [in favour of]對(duì)...的不利[有利]偏見
prejudice sb. against使某人對(duì)...產(chǎn)生偏見prejudice sb.in favour of使某人對(duì)...產(chǎn)生好感
pride and prejudice_________________
26， regardless adj（與of連用）不管…的；不顧…的
He says what he thinks, regardless of other people's feelings. ____________________________