1．consist vi. 由……組成；由……構成
常構成短語：consist of"由… ，組成；由……構成”。
The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．
聯合王國是由大不列顛和北愛爾蘭組成的。
This club consists O{more than 200 members．
這個俱樂部由200位以上的會員所組成。
Her diet consisted mainly of bread and vegetables．
她的日常食物主要由面包和蔬菜構成。
比較：consist in“在于；存在于”
The beauty Of this picture consists in its balance of colors．
這幅畫的美在于其色彩的協調。
2．advantage n．有利條件；優點；長處；優勢
It is an advantage if you know how to type． 如果你會打字，對你將有利。
There’re several advantage in city life．都市生活有幾個優點。
She’s got the job because she had the advantages over others of knowing many languages. 因為她有(別人所無的)懂多種語言的長處，所以獲得這項工作。
In the first half, we had the advantage over the opposing team.
前半場．我們比對手占有優勢。
take advantage of利用
We took advantage of the fine weather to go on a hike.
我們利用晴朗的天氣去遠足．
I hope that this library is fully taken advantage of．
我希望這座圖書館能被允分利用．
He takes advantage of her kindness and borrows money too often．
他利用她人好心軟．三番五次向她借錢。
3. make the most of充分利用；充分展示
We should make the most of our opportunities.我們應該充分利用我們的機會，
You should try 10 make the most of your time.你應盡量利用你的時間．
注：亦可寫成make the best of
4. influence n. 影響；作用；勢力
have (an) influence on / upon / over “對…有影響”
The book had a great influence on his life.這本書對他的人生影響很大。
A teacher has great influence over his pupils．老師對他的學生很有影響力．
Environment is a great influence on character．環境對性格有很大的影響，
His new girlfriend has been a bad influence on him.他的新女友一直對他影響不好．
vt. 影響,對……有作用
The weather in summer influences the rice crops．
夏天的天氣影響稻谷的收成：
What influenced you to do it? 你受了什么影響去做那件事？
5. basis n．基礎；根據；基本原則
His theory has a solid basis in fact．他的理論確實有堅實的基礎．
What is your basis of / for your idea? 你這個想法的根據是什么?
on a …basis 或on the basis of “以……為基礎”
They reached the agreement on an equal basis.
他們在平等的基礎上達成了這頂協議。
All customers will be attended on a first-come-served basis.
所有顧客將按先來先辦的原則接受服務．
On the basis of those facts，we can reach the following conclusion.
根據那些事實，我們可得出以下結論．
6．run over
(車輛)從……上駛過；碾壓
The train ran over the man as he waa crossing the 1ine.
那人在過鐵路時被火車軋死了。
The car ran over a dog. 那輛汽車從一只狗身±軋了過去．
匆匆看過一遍；復習
Run over this letter for me, please．請幫我看看這封信。
The speaker ran over his notes before the lecture．
演講人在開講前匆匆看了一遍講演稿．
溢出
The cup was full and the water in it was running over.那杯子已滿．水正溢出．
The teapot began to run over.那個茶壺的水開始溢出來．
7．strength n. 力量；力氣；體力
He is a man of great strength. 他是個力氣很大的人。
He got his strength back slowly after his illness．他病后慢慢恢復了體力．
She doesn’t have enough strength to walk up stairs. 她沒有足夠的力氣走上樓梯．
It will be some time before I recover my full strength．
一段時間后我才能完全恢復體力。
Her strength of will is extraordinary．她的意志力特別堅強．
8. belief n.相信；信任；信念；看法
It is my belief that he will win. 我相信他會勝出．
It was once a common belie that the earth was flat．從前一般人相信地球是平的。
Her belief in God is very firm．她對上帝的信仰很堅定，
He has great belief in the lawyer．他非常信任那位律師．
beyond belief “難以置信，不可信”
The rumour is beyond belief．此謠言不可信．
She was intelligent beyond belief.．她的聰明令人難以置信。
9. approach l向……靠近；接近
We approached the birds quietly and watched them．我們悄悄上前觀察那些小鳥。
The old man is approaching ninety. 那位老人年近九十．
My work is approaching completion．我的工作接近完成．
The time for graduation is approaching．畢業的日子近了。
vt. 與……接洽，著手處理（問題等)
Did he approach you about borrowing money? 他有設有跟你接洽借款的事？
We should approach this problem with great care.我們應該非常慎重地處理這個問髓．
n. 接近；入門，途徑；方法
With the approach of winter the weather came coder.
隨著冬天的接近．天氣變得更冷了。
All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police．
所有通往機場的路都被警察封鎖了．
This book provides a good approach to the 1earning of foreign languages．
這本書提供了一個學習外語的好方法。
10。as it is事實上；實際上；實際情況是；按原來的樣子；照現在的樣子
I thought conditions would get better，but as it is they are getting worse．
我以為情況會好轉，但事實上反而更糟了。
If he were not ill，he would go to see the play。As it is，he has to stay at home．
如果他不生病的話，他是要去看戲的。實際上，他只好呆在家里了。
I like the house better as it is . 我更喜歡這所房子現在的這個樣子。
They agreed to buy the house as it is．他們同意照房子原樣把它買下來。
11．hold together使結合在一起；使團結
Their mutual interest held them together。他們的共同利益使他們團結。
Hold your things together．把你的東西收拾在一起。
The sheets are held together by paper clips．那些紙用紙夾夾在一起了。
12.make up
①構成；組成；湊足；常用被動語態形式：be made up of “由 ……組成”。
We need one more player to make up a team．
我們再需要一名隊員就能湊足一個球隊。
The committee is made up of seven members． 這個委員會由七個成員組成。
②編造；捏造；虛構
She made up stories to amuse her little brother． 她編故事哄她弟弟開心。
Is she telling the truth，or making it a11 up? 她說的是真話還是全屬虛構?
She is very good at making up excuses．她很會找借口。
③彌補，把……補上
I must make up the loss somehow．我必須設法彌補損失。
John must make up the work he missed． 約翰必須把錯過的工作補上。
④和解；和好
They quarrelled but soon made up．他們吵了一架，但很快就言歸于好。
You don't really hate each other，so why don't you make up?
你們又不是真的恨對方，所以還是和好吧。
⑤化裝；打扮
She took over 30 minutes to make up。 她化裝花了30多分鐘。
13．bear vt. 結(果實)；生育
Can older woman bear healthy babies? 較老的婦女能生下健康的嬰兒嗎?
She has borne a son．她生了個兒子。
This tree bears no fruit．這棵樹不結果。
vt．負擔；支撐
The ice on the lake will not bear your weight． 這湖上的冰無法承受你的體重。
Who will bear the expense? 誰要負擔這費用呢?
vt. 忍耐；忍受；通常與can ／could連用，用于疑問句或否定句中。
I can't bear the pain any more．我痛得再也忍不住了。
I couldn't bear the thought of being parted with her.想到要與她分手我就受不了，
此時bear后常接動名詞或不定式作賓語。
I cannot hear being ignored／to be ignored． 我受不了被人忽視。
I can't bear living／to live a lone．一個人獨居我受不了。 vt．耐得住；經得起；常用物作主語，后接動名詞作賓語。
That story doesn't bear repeating．那個故事不值得重述。
Will the suit bear washing? 這套西裝耐洗嗎?