1.A woman lost in the fog

沉迷于________________

迷路________________

And there, almost _________ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.

2.Sense

感覺官能

the sense of sight/hearing/smell/humor

常識見識

There’s a lot of sense in what she says.

make sense

eg: what you say makes no sense.

Make sense of sth=make out/understand

Common sense常識

3..By touching

by (doing) sth

You switch the radio on _________ (press) the button.

__________ (work) hard he gained rapid promotion.

The room is heated by gas/oil.

我可以用支票付款么？

比較：

by (doing) sth通過做什么，用什么交通工具

with sth 用于有形的工具或身體某些器官，其后的名詞多被冠詞，物主代詞等修飾（with a pen/ pencil）

through sth 后多接抽象名詞

in sth使用語言，原料，材料

用英語___________________

用墨水_____________________

用收音機___________________

通過電話___________________

用望遠鏡___________________

4..even if/though

Even if I have to walk all the way, I’ll get there.

She loves the child _______ she were his mother.

I like her _______she can be annoying.

5..cover

1).cover sth (up) with sth

cover the table with a cloth

be covered with sth

2).Her lectures covered the subject thoroughly.

3)By sunset we had covered thirty miles.

4).Is this historical event covered in today’s newspaper?

6.usual 通常的，平常的。

Ordinary 普通的，一般的

Common 1）常見的，通常的 2）共有的。

Robbery is not ________ in this area...

Make all the ________ excuses

We share a ________ purpose

I’ll have my _________, please.

As is _________ with children, they soon got tired.

We were dressed up for the party but he was still in her _____ clothes.

________ people just like you and me

Pine trees are ________ throughout the world.

7.比較：

observe/watch/glance/stare/glare

she ___________ shyly at him and then lowered her eyes.

________ what I do and how I do it.

The police ___________ the man entering the bank.

She had little time and had to _______ at the news titles before going to work.

He didn’t shout or swear, but just _________ silently at me.

She used to like ________ the behavior of birds.

Do they _________ Christmas in that country?

They are _______ for further development.

It is rude to ________.

She was __________ into the distance.

Could you ________ my clothes while I have a swim?

8. deserted adj.

a. with no one present 無人的

這個辦公室里沒有人______________________

b. abandoned 被離棄的；被遺棄的；被拋棄的

　　被離棄的房子＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

desert

1) v.

a. go away from a place without intending ever to return離棄

　全村人都逃走了，或許因為該地區有恐怖分子．

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

b. leave sb. without help or support; abandon 離棄；拋棄

他拋棄了妻子兒女，出國去了．

　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

c. leave (service in the armed forces, or a ship) without authority or permission; run away擅自離開（軍中或船上的職守）；潛逃

　　戰爭期間開小差的士兵要受到嚴懲．＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

d. fail sb. when needed 在關鍵時使某人失望

　　他喪失了勇氣．＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

2) n［C,U］. 沙漠，荒原

撒哈拉大沙漠　the Sahara Desert

[attrib作定語]desert wastes, sands, esc.不毛的荒地，沙漠

　desert island 無人居住的島

deserter n. 擅離職守者，潛逃者

desertion n. 離棄；拋棄；遺棄

deserts n. 應得到的事物

(2005湖南,49) Have you got used to the life in the _____? It must be quite a shock after living in Boston.

A. desert B. city C. state D. country

9. lie

1). v.

A. 說謊　(pt): lied，(pp): lied, (pres p): lying

　她謊報年齡．

　She lies about her age.

B. (pt): lay, (pp): lain, (pres p): lying

a. 躺，平臥　

別一上午都躺在床上！

　Don’t lie in bed all morning!

b. be at rest on a surface 平放

c. remain in a certain state 留在或保持在某種狀態

　地面上厚厚的雪

　snow lying thick on the ground

e. 位于

　該城位于海邊．

　The town lies on the coast.

2). n.

A．謊言，假話　

　他說的純粹是一派謊言．

　His story is nothing but a pack of lies.

B. 某物所處的狀態或位置

　the lie of the land 地形地貌

Lay v. (pt/ pp): laid (pres p): laying

A. put sth. in a certain position 將某物置于某位置

　把書放在桌上

　lay the book on the table

B. cause sth./ sb. to be in a certain state 使某人／物處于某種狀態

C. produce (eggs) 產卵，下蛋

　現在那些母雞不愛下蛋．

　The hens are not laying well.

10. Sight

1) n.

A. vision; ability to see 視力，視覺

B. 看，看見

C. 視野，視界

　in/ within/ out of one’s sight 看得見／看不見

　還能看見那列火車．

　The train is still in sight.

D. 情景，景象，奇觀

　春天百花盛開十分美麗．

　The flowers are a lovely sight in spring.

　2) v. 看見

　海上航行三天后我們見到了陸地．

　After three days at see, we sighted land.

＊辨析sight, scene, view, scenery

sight 指觀光風景；

Scene　指人工場景或某個具體情景

View　指遠眺，俯視或仰視看到的景色

Scenery　是景色的總稱，且不可數．

11.set off 開始(旅行，賽跑)，出發，動身

　你打算明天幾點鐘啟程？

　What time are you planning to set off tomorrow?

set sth. off : cause (a bomb, mine, etc) to explode使(炸彈,地雷)等爆炸;引爆

set sb. off (doing sth.)　使某人開始做某事

　別讓他談政治，不然他一談就得一個晚上．

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

區分set off , set out 和set about:

set off 出發；動身；觸發；引爆

set out 出發；動身；開始；陳列

set about 開始做或處理；著手；做

飯已經擺在桌子上了．

　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

他開始著手做家務．

　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

set about sb. : attack sb. with words 攻擊或抨擊某人

set forth : start a journey ; set out 　啟程；出發；動身

Set aside : (a) save or keep( money or time) 節省或保留

(b) place sth. to one side 將某物放在一邊

(c) ignore sth.不理會某物；對...不予考慮

set sb./ sth. apart (from sb./ sth) 使某人／物與眾不同或優于其他的

set　up　豎起，創立，造成，產生

(2004江蘇,29) It’s ten years since the scientist _____ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.

A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up

10. beat (vi.)

a. (心臟)跳動；雨水擊打

聽見那個男人的聲音，我的心跳得厲害．

　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

　冰雹落在窗戶上．

　＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

b. 用棍打；打敗；超越

　我隊被對方輕易打敗了． __________________________________________

　 擊鼓　　beat a drum

辨析beat，defeat，win

＊beat和defeat是同義詞，其賓語是人或集體，如a team, a class, a school, an army等．defeat側重在戰場打敗敵人，beat常用于比賽中，但在實踐中常替換使用．

　敵人在一場決定性的戰斗中被擊敗．________________________________________

　他下棋贏了我．____________________________

　*win 表示在較強的比賽中取得了勝利，常帶的賓語有：game, war, prize等．

保守黨在上次議會選舉中從工黨手里奪得這個議席．

　___________________________________________________

(2005遼寧,36) When they got to the South Pole, they found the Norwegians had _____ them in the race to be the first ever to reach it.

A. hit B. fought C. won D. beaten

11. fear

1) n. emotion caused by the nearness or possibility of danger, pain, evil, ect 恐懼，懼怕

嚇得說不出話來　____________________________

　醫生的報告證實了我們最為擔心的事．__________________________________

2) v. 害怕，懼怕

中世紀時這種瘟疫十分可怕。_______________________________________

　fearful adj. 緊張的；可怕的

　fearless adj. 無畏的

　fearsome adj. 樣子可怕的

fear for sb./ sth. 　對某人／事擔憂或關心

for fear of 以免，怕的是

for fear that 生怕；為了防止...發生

辨析be afraid , fear, frighten

* be afraid to do :怕，不敢；be afraid +that ...恐怕

Eg. 我不是害怕那輛車，我是怕那個開車的人．

__________________________________________________________________

他不敢和陌生人交談．

　____________________________________________________

　我恐怕不能． _________________________

＊Fear 可作動詞也可作名詞，但口語中多用be afraid of

＊frighten 只用作動詞，指“嚇唬，使害怕”；fear 側重指“怕”；afraid （adj）擔心，通常用very much 修飾，且只作表語，不作定語．

14. wish for

have or express a desire for sb./ sth. 盼望，想要，期盼

　夫復何求？一切已盡善盡美__________________________________________________

Wish+賓語從句：用虛擬語氣，表示不能實現的愿望

⑴表示與現在事實相反，從句謂語動詞用過去式

⑵表示與將來事實相反，從句謂語動詞用would/could+do

⑶表示與過去事實相反，從句謂語動詞用had done 或could/would have done

　我希望能記得母親更多的事情____________________________________________

　我希望你下周一能和我一起購物。________________________________________________

　我希望我們兩小時之前就到達了北京____________________________________________

　辨析wish和hope：

＊兩者后都可接不定式

＊hope后接賓語從句要用陳述語氣；wish后可接復合賓語，賓補成分是不定式／形容詞／過去分詞／副詞，而hope不可接復合結構．Wish后可接雙賓語，hope不可．

　祝你旅途愉快．

　Wish you a pleasant journey home.

＊wish用做名詞，作“祝愿，祝福”講時，常用復數形式．

Best wishes to you.

(2002上海)How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden.

A. Has B. had C. will have D. had had

15. still　

1) adj. without movement or sound ; quiet and calm不動的，寂靜的

死水　still water

　我給你拍照時請別動_______________________________________________________

(saying) still water run deep : a quiet or apparently calm person can have strong emotions, much knowledge or wisdom, etc靜水流深 (沉靜或沉默寡言者會有強烈情感，豐富知識或非凡智慧等)

2) n. 劇照，定格畫面

(saying) the still of the night : the calmness or silence of the night 夜間的寂靜

3) v. (cause sth to) become calm or at rest 使平靜下來或靜止

　她無法消除內心的不安． __________________________________________

stillness [u.n] quality of being still 靜止；寂靜；平靜

4). adv. 仍然，依舊；更(修飾比較級)

　She is still busy.

他寫出的小說更多了．

　_________________________________________

(2004上海,55) A man who has not had an opportunity to go swimming for years can ____ swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.

A. only B. hardly C. still D. even

16. reach out 伸出來

　他伸出援助之手幫助有困難的人____________________________________________

reach...for...=reach out ...for...伸出...夠...

　他伸手拿字典． ______________________________________________

(2004湖北) Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within the _____ of children.

A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance

17. find oneself doing sth. 發現自己在做...

他發現自己躺在地上． ________________________________________

find +賓語＋賓補(adj./p.p./adv./to be/prep. phr)結構：

　他們在山洞里發現士兵們傷得很重．

_____________________________________________________________

希望我們再見面時你的情緒能好一些

_____________________________________________________________

他發現他的父母那天早上在飛機場等他．

_____________________________________________________________

(NMET2003, 22) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.

A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. not to smoke

18. stare up at 抬頭凝視

　stare v．

　stare（at sb./ sth.） 瞪著眼睛凝視

　他們都驚訝得瞪大了眼睛___________________________________________________________

使某人驚諤 make sb. stare

stare (n.) long fixed gaze; staring look　凝視，注視；盯

　不禮貌地瞪某人一眼　_______________________

辨析stare，gaze，glare，和glance的區別：

＊gaze表示目不轉睛地看，并含有“驚嘆”，“羨慕”或“入迷”的意思．

她對它凝視了一會兒，然后補充說：“你根本不需要書柜．”

___________________________________________________________

＊stare特別表示“睜大眼睛凝視”，并含有“驚奇”，“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思．

那位貴族對那張空白紙凝視了幾秒鐘．

___________________________________________________________

＊glare表示“兇狠而且帶有威脅性地瞪眼睛”

　穿著襯衣的男人站在房子外面瞪著我們．

___________________________________________________________

＊glance指“看一看”的動作，glance的結果是glimpse(瞥見)

17. rest

1) v.

a. be still or asleep in order to regain one’s strength 休息

b. rest (sth) on/ against sth

lie or be placed on/ against sth. for support倚靠在某物身上；靠某物支撐

　她把肘部靠在桌子上．_____________________________

c. rest on sb./ sth. :depend or rely on sb./ sth.依靠或依賴某人

　英國把獲得獎牌的希望寄托在他的身上．_____________________________

d. rest on sb./ sth. 目光等停留在某人／物上

e. be left without further investigation or pursuit中止

　事情不能就此作罷，我要求向我道歉．

___________________________________________________________

2) n. [C, U] 睡眠或休息的時間

20. watch out for 當心，注意．可單獨使用，也可接介詞for再接賓語

　當心！車子過來了．

　Watch out! There is a car coming.

watch v. & n. 觀看；注視；注意；當心

　當心身體　watch one’s health

　留心找尋；小心等候　watch for

小心；謹慎行事　watch one’s step

監視；密切注視　keep (a) watch on/ over

＊watch out (for) = look out (for) “當心，小心”，接賓語時，后加for．be careful 和take care 也可譯為：“注意，當心”，后接動詞不定式．

　Be careful not to catch cold.= Take care not to catch cold.

21. that of an old man: “that”代替前面的the face

*that用來代替前文提到過的不可數名詞和可數單數名詞,不能和冠詞連用,其后總有修飾語,其復數形式是those.

Eg. 中國的人口比日本多.

___________________________________________________________

對很多小學生來說，老師的建議比家長的建議重要得多

　 ___________________________________________________________

＊that 指代可數名詞時，相當于the one; those 相當于the ones. One和ones也是替代詞，用來代替前面提到過的可數名詞，one指代單數，ones指代復數，所替代的是同名異物，表示泛指，可有前置定語和后置定語，也可單獨使用．特指時必須加定冠詞the．

Eg．我希望這里有足夠的杯子分給每個客人．

　 ___________________________________________________________

＊區分it和替代詞that：it特指上文提到的同名同物，不能帶任何修飾語．That所替代的是同名異物，其后總有修飾語．

Eg．只有一臺電視機了，我想把它買下來．

　 ___________________________________________________________

展會上有很多車．我喜歡那種車．

　 ___________________________________________________________

(2005江蘇,26) I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ___ in the city.

A. ones B. one C. that D. those