1. When choosing a city to host the Olympics, there are certain things we need to consider. (p29)

host v. (1) 支持，主辦。

Do you know which city will host next Olympic Games?

host n. 主人，東道主; hostess女主人, 女服務員;女主持人

China is the host country of the 2008 Olympic Games.

，女乘務員；（餐廳等的）女招待,。

（3）a host of 一大群（可數）：

a host of friends一大群朋友

hosts of students.一群群的學生

We are faced with a host of difficulties.我們面臨著好些困難。

2. sports facilities.

facilities是facility的復數形式，指“設備，設施”，可數名詞，多作復數。

transport facilities 交通設施。

3. If a city has plenty of parks, this could help its bid to be an Olympic city.

bid n . （1）在句中是“爭取，申請”或“（為取得，贏得......所作的）努力，企圖”；（2） 出價，投標

a bid for sth; make a bid to do sth.

His bid for freedom had failed.

他爭取自由的努力失敗了。

Tonight the Ethiopian athlete will make a bid to break the world record.

今晚這名埃塞俄比亞運動員將爭取打破世界記錄。

Several companies are bidding for the contract to build the bridge.

有幾家公司在投標爭取承包建橋工程。

What was the highest bid for the painting？

vt ＆ vi. bid (bid , bid, bidding )（拍賣時）喊（價）；投標

Several companies are bidding for the contract to build the bridge.

4. plenty of 許多，大量（后接可數名詞與不可數名詞）

（1）a great/ good many; a number of; quite a few ; many 后接可數名詞復數。

（2）much; a good/great deal of; a large amount of ; quite a little 后接不可數名詞

(3) a lot of ; lots of; plenty of; a great quantity of 后接可數名詞或不可數名詞。

5. I’m pretty sure you can swim very well.

I’m pretty sure 表示“我相當肯定”pretty在這兒是副詞表示“相當”（表示程度），可以修飾形容詞和副詞。

Her sister is still pretty sick. 他的妹妹仍然病得厲害。

She was in pretty good health; only a little tired. 她身體相當好，只是有點累。

The wind blew pretty hard 風吹得相當厲害。

pretty有時也表示“非常”

That performance was pretty impressive.

pretty adj. (a woman, or a girl /a place/ etc.) attractive without being beautiful

She is a pretty woman.

You look so pretty in that dress!

a pretty garden

pretty much / well (informal) almost; almost completely:

One dog looks pretty much like another to me.

He goes out pretty well every night.

6. otherwise adv. 在句中表示“否則”

Do it now. Otherwise, it will be too late. 現在就干。否則就太晚了。

You mustn’t tell this to my father, Otherwise ,he would kill me 你可千萬別把這事告訴我老爸。否則，他非殺了我不可。

7. It is played on a table that is 2.74 metres by 1.525 metres and stands 76 centimetres from the ground (page 34)

介詞by在英語中可用來表示長、寬比。

The y entered a hall which measures 23 metres by 15 metres.

8.stretch vt 鋪開，舒展；拉長； 使緊張

vi 伸展；延伸，舒展肢體 也可指（時間）延續

He stretched his arm up as far as he could。他把手臂盡量往上舉。

Mother stretched the sheet out to dry. 媽媽把被單鋪開涼干。

The forests stretched (for) hundreds of miles. 森林綿延數百英里。

Canada stretches form the Atlantic to the Pacific.

9. play leading roles

role n. 角色；任務，作用（同part）

play the role/ part of 扮演.....角色

play a role/ part in 在......中發揮作用/扮演角色

Phonetics plays an important part in the study of English.

10.

11..meet sb’s requirements

meet 滿足“（需要），符合（要求）”，或者“應付、對付”。

Tom’s poor salary was not able to meet his girlfriend’s various desires.

In order to meet his expenses, he had to do extra work at night.

12. practise vt. practice n. practical adj.

You must practise speaking English more.

It seems all right--- you'd better put it into practice.（付諸實施）

What you need is more practice.

He is a practical man.他是個現實的人。

He is studying practical English.他在學習實用英語。

13. In order for a new sport to be added, a current sport must be dropped.

(1)to be added 的邏輯主語是for a new sport 該邏輯主語與不定式所表示的動作add是被動關系。]

In order for Lily to be informed , a short message was sent to her

In order for Mars to be explored, a larger spaceship will be designed.

(2) drop 表示“丟棄，使停止，使終止”

Drop your weapons! Hands up! 放下武器！舉起手來！

In order to drop smoking, he tried many different ways.

drop “落下，下（客），解雇”等。

Don’t drop the vase! That’s a souvenir from Venice .

別把花瓶給打了！那可是從威尼斯帶回來的紀念品。

Please drop me at the railway station.

After he had made that foolish mistake, the company dropped him.

14. ensure vt.(= makde sure )

I can’t ensure that he will be there in time.

Come early to ensure getting a good seat.

15. keep … under control 將……控制住

keep your temper under control.控制住你的脾氣.

It was a long time before they got the flood waters under control.

16. Some sports that were part of the Olympics in the past have been removed.

remove 在此表示 “去掉,消除”,及物動詞.

He removed all the evidence of his crime.他消除了他的所有罪證.

Will you please help me to remove mud from my shoes?

(1)拿開,移動(vt.):

He removed his desk to another office. 他把他的桌子移到另一個辦公室去了.

(2)脫掉:

The traveller removed his wet coat.旅行者脫掉了他的濕外套.

(3)辭職,辭退

They therefore removed him from his position.他們因此免去了他的職位.

The corrupt official was removed from office.那個腐敗官員被革除了職務.

(4)搬家、遷移

They have decided to remove to a warm climate.他們決定搬到氣候溫和的地方.

17.familiar (1)親密的，親近的 （2）熟 諳的，通曉的 （3）熟悉的

（人）be familiar with (物）be familiar to

He is a familiar friend of mine.他是我的密友。

I'm familiar with her friend.我和他的家人很親密。

He is familiar with three languages.他通曉 三種語言。

His name is familiar to all of us.他的名字為我們所熟知。

18. Supporters of Wushu would like to see it entered as a branch ...

see sb/ sth+過去分詞，表示“看見某人/某物被。。。”

I don't want to see you beaten in the game.

They wanted to see the plan carried out soon.

19. make way (for ) 給……讓路, 把職位讓給…..

They made way for the bus.

I shall make way for a younger man..

相關短語:

clear the way (for )(為…….)掃清道路 feel one’s way (黑暗中)摸索; 想一步走一步,

fight one’s way打出道路,殺出生路 find one’s way to 設法到達

give way 讓路,讓步,屈服 lead the way 引路,

lose one’s way 迷路 make one’s way 前進,成功,

pick one’s way 擇路而行,行路謹慎 all the way 從頭至尾,自始自終;一路上

any way 不管怎樣,無論如何 by the way 在路旁,順便說

by way of 經由;通過……方法 in a / one way 在某點上,在某種程度上;

in no way 一點也不,決不 in the way 擋道的,妨礙人的

20. involve vt. 包括,牽涉,使參與

be/get/become involved in sth 卷入……. be involved in doing sth 專心致志做某事

involved adj復雜的 involvement n.卷入,牽連, 牽連到的事物

They are deeply involved in debt. Don’t involve yourself in unnecessary expense.

become involved in criminal activities 與犯罪活動有關聯.

an involved sentence / explanation. 復雜的句子或說明.

The book has a very involved plot. 這本書的情節很復雜.

21. maintain (keep up 、continue ) 保持、維持、繼續

maintain friendly relations (with……)與……保持友好關系

maintain prices 保持物價的平衡 maintain law and order維持治安

maintain a speed of 60 miles an hour 保持一小時六十里的速度

The improvement in his health is being maintained 他的健康仍然繼續在進步中。

maintain a balance of 保持平衡

keep one’s balance

A child has to learn to keep its balance before it can walk far .

lose one’s balance 失去平衡；（喻）心緒紊亂

He was surrounded by so many dangers that he lost his balance.

Balance the budget 平衡預算

A balanced diet 均衡飲食

22. look at “考慮、看待，著眼于”

The boss will not look at your proposal. 老板不會考慮你的建議的。

What I look at is its low price. 我看中的是它很便宜的。

She doesn’t want to be looked at as a little girl. 她不愿意被別人看作小女孩。