that 從句

名詞性從句可分為: wh-疑問從句

名詞性關系從句

一、that從句

that we should keep the balance of nature

that he didn’t accept the invitation

意思沒有變化，但在復合句（有主句和從句組成的句子，我們把它稱作為復合句）中的作用發生了變化，加了that的句子，我們通常把它稱作為從句，在復合句中只能充當一個成分。

1．主語

That the earth goes around the sun is a fact.

(先要學生找出主句的謂語，分出主語部分和謂語部分)

※ 主語部分仍然是一個完整的句子，（這時的that不能省略）當that從句作主語時，特別是謂語是be動詞加表語的句子時，常可以改為it作形式主語。

※ 可以改為定語從句：

As is a fact, the earth goes round the sun.

The earth goes around the sun, which is a fact.

2. 賓語

1）作動詞賓語

①We know (that) he is from London.

②有一個that時可以省略，但有兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，在最后兩個從句中用and連接，第一個that 可以省略，后面的則不可以。

eg. I hoped (that) my aunt would invite us and that she would arrange us for a few days there.

③SVOC

有that從句作賓語時，常常用it作形式賓語，把真正的賓語從句放到后面。

We consider it proper that he will be sent to work there.(這里的it可以改成it is )

2)作介詞賓語

一般情況下that從句不能作介詞賓語，除了兩個介詞（except/in）

We know that he is from London.

We know nothing about him except that he’s from London.

短語 相同范疇 except

★except 不同范疇 except for (只是)

從句 that 從句

狀語從句

He thought of the passengers waiting for him.

這里of 是介詞，不能是句子，所以wait的形式不能是謂語，waiting是動名詞，passengers是wait的邏輯主語。

3．作表語（be）

The fact is (that) he lost again.

4. 作同位語

Mr. Wang, our teacher, is coming.

(怎樣才是同位語？ Mr. Wang is our teacher. 成立即可)

I gave them the order that they should finish the work before five.

區分定語從句與同位語從句：

1）定語從句中的關系代詞的作用（①引導②成分③替代）,而同位語從句中that不作成分。

2）定語從句中的that作賓語時能省略；同位語從句中的that不能省略。

that our team won (同位語從句that不能省略)

The news excited us.

that we received （定語從句that可省略）

二、Wh-疑問從句

1、Will he be here tomorrow?

Whether/ if he will be here tomorrow

What is he doing now?

What he is doing now

疑問詞作主語

Who will present at the meeting

How many students attended the meeting

2、句子成分

1、主語

Who will present at the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.

S V

Whether he’ll be here is still unknown.

句首只用whether V

可用it作形式主語，后面的從句用if/whether都可，與or not 連用時用whether

2、賓語

We don’t know where he lives.

作介詞的賓語

I’m thinking of whom I turn to for help.

作主語時用who

I’m thinking of who will help us.

I go there everyday, except when it rains.

3、表語

The problem is where we can stay for night.

4、同位語

(I don’t know what he is doing now.)

I have no idea what he is doing now.

三、名詞性關系從句

以 “what”和 “－ever” 引導的從句

what he knows

The thing that/which

1、作主語

What he needs is a good rest.

are good textbooks.

2、作賓語

He told me what he had seen.

3、作表語

This is what I want to say.

I insisted on giving him what I had in my bag.

He asked me what I didn’t know.

他問我不知道的東西。

特殊句子

She didn’t what she could to help him.

He told us all what he had seen.

I’ll give whoever presents at the meeting a present.

四、怎樣使用名詞性從句？

完整 （that）

名 陳述句

詞 不完整 （缺少成分用what）

性 特殊疑問句

從 疑問句

句 一般疑問句

五、

That he came home late worried his mother.

His coming home late

六、I don’t know when we will start.

The question is where we will go.

where to go.