華東名校試卷信息中心優秀教案展示高三Unit1--7(人教版高三英語上冊教案教學設計)

發布時間：2016-5-4 編輯：互聯網手機版

新人教高三Unit1---Unit7

Unit 1 That must be a record

Goals:

Talk about records, adventures and hobbies Practise measuring and comparing

Review the Subject Fill in a form

The First Period Listening & Speaking

Teaching goals:

1. Target Language

a. key words: beard, voyager, tight, tightrope, edition, moustache

b. daily English

Practise expressing measuring and comparing.

2. Ability goals

Enable students to talk about records, adventures and hobbies.

Help them learn to express measuring and comparing.

Teaching important points:

Talk about records, adventures and hobbies.

Practise expressing measuring and comparing.

Learn to use some typical measurements.

Teaching difficult points:

How to use measurements correctly.

Teaching methods:

discussing (cooperative learning), listening, speaking

Teaching aids: a tape recorder, a projector and a computer

Teaching procedures:

Step I Lead-in

As most of the Senior Grade III students start school in August, the weather must be very hot. The teacher may start the class with the following question. “What is the highest temperature recorded this summer?” Then lead students to do the quiz about the amazing facts on Page1.

T: Good morning/ afternoon, everyone!

Ss: Good morning/ afternoon, Mr. / Ms…

T: It is very hot, what is the temperature?

S1: It is reported the highest temperature is 35°C.

T: Is it the hottest day recoded this summer?

S2: I don’t think so. It was much hotter on July 26. The temperature was 37°C on that day.

T: Good. I’m very glad you are careful about this. But do you know the lowest temperature recorded on earth? (Show the questions on Page 1on the PowerPoint.) Please work in groups and try to find the amazing facts.

Step II Warming up

Students will work in groups to decide the answers. Whether they can guess the answers or not is not important. The aim of this quiz is to stimulate their interest. Two minutes later show the answers on the PowerPoint. ( Suggested answers: BBAABB )

T: Ok. It doesn’t matter whether you guessed the answers or not. How do you find the questions?

Ss: Very interesting.

T: Do you know where to find the answers to such interesting questions?

Ss: The Guinness Book of World Records.

T: Yes, it is a book contains records of all kinds. After class please find more information in the book in the library. In this class we are going to practise measuring and comparing. First look at some typical measurements. Ok, please read after me.

Show the following on the PowerPoint. (m = meters cm = centimeters h = hours)

Height of people (When referring to people, “tall” is used, not” high”, and measurements are given in feet and inches (but not yards) or meters and centimeters.

She is about 5 foot 6 tall. The world’s tallest man is 2.55 m.

Speed A speed limit of 30 mph

Sound travels 186,300 miles in a second

Measurement of Temperature

The normal temperature of the human body is 37°C

The lowest temperature ever recorded on earth is -89.2°C

Step III Listening

In this procedure, students will hear someone talk about the size and the speed of humans and animals. The purpose of the exercise is to practise measuring and comparing. Before listening, students will discuss the three questions in groups.

T: Are you familiar with the measurements?

Ss: Yes.

T: Ok. How tall are you. Wang Fei?

S1: I’m 175cms.

T: Then who is the tallest in your class?

Ss: Li Lei and he is 184cms tall.

T: Then we can say Li Lei is taller than Wang Fei. Do you know how tall Yao Ming is?

S2: He is 2.26 cm.

T: Then among the people we know Yao Ming is the tallest. OK, let’s come to the listening part. You are going to hear someone talk about the size and the speed of humans and animals. Before we listen to the tape, let’s look at the questions on Page 2.

Now work in groups and discuss the three questions. You are given five minutes.

Five minutes later, check the answers with the whole class. Various answers may be given.

T: Well done. That’s your opinion. Now let’s listen to the tape and hear what others say.

Play the tape for students to finish the Listening Exercises 2-3 on Page 2. Play the tape again when necessary. Then check the answers with the whole class.

Step IV Language Points

1. graduate n. v. graduate –graduation graduate from after graduation

Graduates with complex knowledge are in great need now.

2. advantage n.優勢，好處，有利條件

take advantage of sb. 利用某人，欺騙某人 take advantage of sth. (巧妙地利用某物）

have the advantage of / over勝過，占優勢

3. weigh vt. 稱……的重量；掂量；考慮；重若干 weight n. weighty adj. (沉重的）按重量計算 by weight 發福put on weight lose weight

4. beat / defeat / win

5. on earth究竟，到底

This is my dog , his name is Wisdom. That is interesting , why ____ did you give him such a name?

6. speed 迅速地with great speed 以全速at full / top speed 以……的速度at a speed of 加速speed up

7. contain /include

1) The price includes postage charges. 2) My suitcase contains only a few warm-weather clothes.

3) The money I gave you included Tom’s. 4) There are ten of us here, including three girls.

5) Everybody has something to say, me included.

Step V Speaking

An interview of the record-breaking tight ropewalker Adili. While students present the interview, the teacher may show the photos to help the others to understand the interview better.

T: Besides Yao Ming, we have another celebrity (名人). Who is it? (Show the picture of Adili on the PowerPoint)

S1: Adili, a tight ropewalker.

T: Who would like to say something about him?

S2: He was born in Xinjiang in 1971.

S3: He has a lovely daughter.

S4: He is famous as the record -breaking tight ropewalker.

S5: His name is in the Guinness Book.

T: Now Adili is visiting our city and you are going to interview him for the school newspaper. Please don’t forget to refer to the information on Page 3. Work in pairs and 5 minutes later I will ask some of you to act it out.

A Sample of the interview.

A: Adili B: A Journalist

B: Adili, glad to meet you and welcome to our city! I’m a school journalist from No 1 Middle School.

A: Thank you!

B: The students in our school admire you very much. They are eager to learn something about you. May I ask you some questions?

A: OK. Thank you and I am willing to be of some help.

B: How many years has your family walking on the rope?

A: My family has been walking on tightropes for 430 years!

B: Wow, so many years! Could you say something about the 2002-year record? How many days did you stay on the high wire?

A: In May 2002, I broke a world record by staying on a wire rope for 22 days and beat the 21-day Guinness world record. I walked on the rope up to five hours a day. I spent the rest of the time in a hut at the end of the rope.

B: You are very great. I was told you broke some other Guinness world records. Could you say something about your ropewalk across the Three Gorges? How long was the wire? How high was the wire above the ground and how long did the walk take you?

A: On June 22, 1997 I crossed the Three Gorges on a high wire, which was 646 meters long, 402 meters high and the walk took me 13 minutes 48 seconds. I broke the Guinness world record set by a Canadian.

B. We are very proud of you. In October 2000 you broke another Guinness world record when you walked across Mt. Heng. How long was the wire? How high was the wire above the ground and how long did the walk take you?

A: When I walked across Mt. Heng, I crossed a wire 1,399 meters long, 436 meters high and I spent 52 minutes 13 seconds on it.

B. How great! In August 2003 you broke another Guinness world record at Tiankeng. How high was the wire above the ground?

A: At Tiankeng, I walked 687 meters, about 662 meters above the ground and beat the 402 meters above the ground record.

B. Thank you very much. You have been breaking records. You have been challenging yourself. We should learn from you. Good luck to your future performance.

A: Thank you.

Step VI Homework

Surf on the Internet or use the library to find some information of The Guinness Book of World Records.

The Second & Third Periods Reading

Teaching Aims:

1. Learn and master the useful words and phrases in this period.

2. Train the students’ reading ability.

3. Help the students to know more about world records.

Teaching Important Points:

1. Master the following phrases and sentence pattern.

Set down, keep track of, stand out, in the first place, make for

Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.

2. Improve the students’ reading ability.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1. How to help the students understand the passage better.

2. How to help the students understand the sentence pattern better and use it freely.

Adj. / adv. / n. + as + Sub. + v. , + main clause

Teaching Methods:

1. Scanning the text to learn something about world records.

2. Fast and careful reading to get the detailed information in the text.

3. Individual, pair or group work to make every student work in class.

Teaching Aids: 1. the multimedia 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step Ⅰ Lead-in

It is very hot today ,isn’t it ? What is the temperature?

Is it the hottest day recorded this summer?

Do you know the lowest temperature recorded on earth?

Do you know where to find the answers to such interesting questions?

The Guinness Book of World Records. It is a book containing records of all kind.

Step Ⅱ Fast Reading

Read the text quickly and grasp the general idea of each paragraph.

The text can be divided into four parts:

Part 1: (Paragraph 1) : How and when the first edition was put out.

Part 2: (Paragraph 2-4) : The records that can be printed in the book are put into different categories.

Part 3: (Paragraph 5) : Why people are so interested in world records.

Part 4: (Paragraph 6) : How the Guinness Book of World Record accepts a world record.

Pre-reading: Suggested answers on Page 3

1. He was the then director of the Guinness Brewery, who came up with the idea of writing a book later called the Guinness Book of the World Records.

2. In 1955. 3. 1.6 meters.

4. Urumqi is the most remote city from the sea--- it is 2,500 kilometers from the nearest coast. A special and delicious record was set in 1997 to celebrate Hong Kong’s return to China.

5. Lance Armstrong.

Step Ⅲ Listening

Listen to the tape and decide which of the following statements are “true” or “false”.

1. The Guinness company began to write the Guinness Book of World Records in the 1950s. (F)

2. More than 60,000 new records are printed in the book each year. (F)

3. An Englishman balanced a small car weighing 159.6 kilograms on his head for 33 seconds. (T)

4. Lance Armstrong’s speed record is more impressive than his struggle against his disease. (F)

5. The records dangerous to the person attempting it or to others are not allowed in the book. (T)

6. The records in the Guinness Book of World Records are including different areas of people’s life. (T)

Step Ⅳ Reading Comprehension

細枝末節題：

1. The idea which led to The Guinness Book of Records came up by _________. (C)

A. Ross McWhirter B. Norris C. Sir Hugh Beaver D. Brewery

2. The Guinness Book of World Records has chapters except _________. (A)

A. education B. science and technology C. travel and transport D. the natural world

3. Among the Chinese records in The Guinness Book of Records, some examples are given except _________. (D)

A. Tiananmen Square B. Hong Kong’s return to China C. Jiaozi D. the Yellow River

4. The reason why Lance Armstrong’s records are special is that_________. (D)

A. he is a wonderful winner B. he won the first place in the race

C. he has achieved brilliant achievements D .he fought against cancer bravely and won his goal

5. Which type of record attempts is NOT allowed in the following? It is ________. (C)

A. the one that a man can live to be very old

B. the one that a man can balance a small car on his head

C. the one which is dangerous to the person who is attempting it or to others

D. the one that a man can wear the longest beard in the world

主旨大意題

6. The text is mainly about _____. (C)

A. a famous book B. Sir Hugh Beaver came up with an idea

C. The Guinness Book of Records D. many records in the world

推理判斷題

7. From the sentence “..., it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease”, we know that________ . (D)

A. his fastest speed is as impressive as his story of struggle against cancer

B. his fastest speed is more impressive than his story of struggle against cancer

C. his story of struggle against cancer is less impressive than his fastest speed

D. his story of struggle against cancer is more impressive than his fastest speed

8. From the text, the main reason that led to Sir Hugh’s idea is that _________. (C)

A. his hard work B. his talent C. his curiosity D. his careful research

9. From the last paragraph, we can infer that _________. (D)

A. if a person wants to make a record, he can do it without permission

B. if a person can do bad to others, he can make a record

C. if your idea isn’t suitable, you can also get the permission of the Guinness Book of World Records.

D. The Guinness Book of World Records is very careful about making a record

10. According to the text, which statement is true? (B)

A. No people in the world are not interested in strange and unusual things.

B. There are many athletic records in the Guinness Book of World Records.

C. There are no Chinese records in the Guinness Book of World Records.

D. All of the 60 000 new records will be printed each year.

Step Ⅴ Language points

Paragraph One:

1. In 1951, the then director of the Guinness Brewery, --在1951年，當時吉尼斯啤酒廠的總裁

then （作定語）當時的，the then ruler 當時的統治者

then (adv.) = at that time (用于過去或將來) He will come back by then.

當時的（修飾名詞） the then government = the government at that time.

那么，因此 (位于句首或句末) Then what do you want?

固定短語: (every) now and then; from then on; until then; since then

2. conclude -----come to an end Vt /Vi (推斷出，斷定；完成結束）conclusion n.結論，結尾

to conclude Compare: come to / draw / reach / arrive at a conclusion得出結論

e.g.1) The inquiry concluded that the accident had been caused by human error. 推斷，斷定

2) The headmaster concluded the meeting at six o’clock in the afternoon. 結束

3) To conclude，I wish you a happy New Year. 最后

最后，總之 in conclusion = lastly In conclusion I’d like to say that you did it very well.

Paragraph Two:

1. Set down / put down / write down

e.g. Set down your heavy bags and have a rest.

I will set down the story as it was told to me.

The price limits were set down by the government.

Other phrases:

set aside把……放在一邊；留出，撥出 set off 出發；引起；使爆炸

set out 出發；開始（to do ) set about 開始，著手(doing)

set up搭起；樹立（榜樣）；開辦 be set in 以…為背景

2. keep track of 1) record sth. ; write down 2) keep informed of sb. / sth.

e.g. Don’t feel bad if you make a mistake. Keep track of (write down) your mistakes and learn from them.

Her mother used to keep track of (write down) every penny she spent.

Mr. Stevens kept track of (keep informed of) his business by telephone when he was in hospital.

It’s hard to keep track of (maintain contact with) all one’s old school friends.

Other phrases:

遠離，不接近，避開keep off 遠離某地keep away from

一直做某事keep doing sth / keep on doing sth. 阻止；扣留；忍住keep back

記��；想著keep … in mind 保持keep up 跟上keep up with

趕上catch up with 守望keep watch 守信keep one’s promise

記日記keep a diary 管家keep house 阻止某人做某事keep sb from doing sth.

3. reach vt. When will we reach Beijing? (到達)

Can you reach me that box? (伸手拿下來) Will you reach me the sugar? (遞)

reach one’s conscience(打動，影響) 打動良心

How can I reach you? (與――取得聯系；接觸)我怎么和你聯系？

vi. The woods reach as far as the river. (延伸，達到) 樹林一直延伸到河邊

I can’t reach so high. (伸出手（或腳）)我夠不到這么高。

4. balance vt. 1>稱，平衡 2>權衡，對比 balance the tow plans 把這兩個計劃對比一下3>使平衡使（力量等）均等 vi. 平衡；相抵 My accounts balance. 我的帳收支相抵

n. (c) 天平；秤a pair of balances一副天平

(u) 平衡；均衡 be out of balance不平衡 keep one’s balance保持平衡

5. weigh vt. 1>稱（――的重量） weigh oneself稱體重

2>權衡；考慮weigh one’s words 斟詞酌句 weigh sth. in one’s mind考慮某事

vi.1>（＋表語）重若干；稱分量 weigh heavy (light) （稱起來）重（輕）

2>有意義，有分量，有影響You advice weighs heavily with her.你的建議對她很有影響。

Paragraph Four:

1. Many of 許多，后接代詞時，后不加 “the”, many of them 后接名詞時，后加 “the”, many of the people。

關于many的幾個詞組: a good many很多 a great many許許多多

many a（后接單數名詞）許多 many a student 許多學生

2. stand out 突出；出色

e.g. A tall man stands out in a crowd. John stood out as a track star.

Other Phrases:

stand by (和…站在一起；袖手旁觀）stand for (代表；象征；意味著）stand up 站起；站得住腳

3. as conj.-----though, although (as 引導讓步狀語從句)

despite / in spite of + n./ what從句（盡管，不管）

though/ although+從句 (不與but連用，但可以和 yet, still搭配)

as + 讓步狀語從句（表語名詞或形容詞，副詞狀語和動詞原形必須倒裝）

e.g. Although/Though he is young, he can do it well.(句首)

Angry as he was, he listened to me patiently. The air was cold, bright as the sun was.

Try as / though he may , he won’t succeed. Child as/ though he is, he knows a little.

He never borrows money from anyone though he is poor.(句末)

Tired as he was, he sat up late. = Though he was tired, he sat up late.

4. fade vi 凋謝；褪色；（聲音）變弱 Vt. 使褪色 fade away 逐漸消失(聲音等) 變微弱;(光等) 變暗淡; 逐漸消失 (+away)

The sound of the footsteps faded away.

fade in / up (使影片中的畫面、聲音、廣播中的聲音）漸強

fade out (使影片中的畫面、聲音、廣播中的聲音）漸弱

e.g. The strong sunlight had faded the curtains.

All memory of his childhood faded from his mind.

Hopes of a peace settlement are now fading.

The shapes faded away into the night.

Paragraph Five:

1. Account

e.g. We could not go on account of rain. 因為；由于

On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals. 絕無理由(or not on any account)

We must take local conditions into account. 考慮到（估計）某事(=take account of sth. )

I bought the car on account.先付, 暫付, 用賒購的辦法用分期付款的辦法

We must take account of the interests of the States. 考慮

No one could account for the disappearance of the money. Vi (for ) 說明……的原因，說明, 占, 解決, 得分

account n.(U) 敘述；報告；賬目；帳戶

開立/結束帳戶 open /close an account

把錢存入銀行帳戶 put … into one’s bank account

2. whether ... or ...意為”不管是……還是……”,常引導讓步狀語從句。如：

Whether we help him or not, he will fail.

Someone’s got to tell her, whether it’s you or me.

3. make for意為”向……走（沖）去；有助于造成（某種關系、情況），可成為”。如：

The children took their ice skates and made for the frozen pond.

　 The climate makes for good health. Does early rising make for good health?

They are made for each other.

Paragraph Six:

1. attempt vt.

An astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary spaceship and then return to it.

The boys attempted to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.

The boys made an attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.

2. apply for…vt.1>應用，使用2> 敷用，涂―― apply a paste to a wound給傷口涂上膏藥 3>專心，注意 vi.1>適用2>申請 apply for a fob求職

詞組

apply for a job, apply for hosting a foreign teacher

apply …to …應用于…

We need a rule that applies to everyone. 我們需要一個是用于每一個人的規則。

apply oneself to…專心致志… apply one’s mind to專心于

Students should apply themselves to their studies.

3. inspect / inspection /inspector

e.g. After they had finished building the wall the foreman inspected it to make sure they’d done it properly

Nobody inspected my ticket before I got on the train.

All food shops should be inspected regularly.

4. confirm vt. 證實；確認；批準 confirmation n 證實；證明；確實

e.g. What you say confirms my opinion.

The King confirmed me in my possession of the land.

5. Certificate n.證書

Certify v. (指通過某種檢驗）證明…無誤（真實）給（某人）頒發（完成專業培訓的）合格證書

a birth / marriage / death certificate出生（結婚、死亡）證明書

a certificate of health 健康證明書

6. State n.1>(c) 狀態，狀況 the three states of matter物質三態

2>(c; u) 國家；政府 a welfare state 福利國家

3>(c)（美國等的）州the 50 states of the United States

vt.陳述，說明，聲明The Prime Minister stated his view on the subject. 首相陳述了他對該問題的見解�！�

Step Ⅵ Homework

1. Retell the text.

2. Surf on the Internet and find something about extreme sports.

The Fourth Period Integrating Skills

Teaching Aims:

1. Learn and master the new words and phrases in this period.

2. Improve the students’ reading ability.

3. Review the use of Subject.

Teaching Important Points:

1. Learn the following useful expressions: be familiar to , centre on , concentrate on

2. Improve the students’ reading and writing abilities.

Teaching Difficult Points:

1. How to help the students understand the passage better.

2. How to help the students finish the writing task.

Teaching Methods:

1. Practise to revise the Subject.

2. Reading and understanding to improve the students’ reading ability.

Teaching Aids: 1. the multimedia 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

StepⅠ Fast reading

Read the passage as quickly as possible and answer the following questions.

1. On weekends what do Lin Yong and his friends usually do after finishing their homework?

They will go to the park to do skateboarding.

2. When and how did they come up with the idea to build the ramp?

Three years ago after watching a skateboarding competition on TV.

3. What is their skateboarding club called?

Fun On Wheels.

4. What is the goal of a skateboarding “competition”?

The goal is to have fun and enjoy the excitement of trying something new.

5. Is the sport too dangerous in their opinion?

No, they don’t think so. Because they all wear helmets and other equipment to protect themselves. They don’t let anyone try a dangerous trick unless they are sure that they are skilled enough to perform it safely.

Step Ⅱ Careful reading

Read the passage carefully and finish Ex 1 on Page 8.

Suggested answers :

1. 360 means making a circle in the air. “Hang ten” means “ to fly in the air with one’s feet on the board”.

2. Many extreme sports are about beauty, harmony and thrills. They don’t have rules about winning and losing.

The goal is to have fun and enjoy the excitement of trying something new.

3. “X-factor” means the pure joy of doing something that you did not think you could do and overcoming your fears.

4. Helmets, wristlets, kneecaps, and so on.

5. They like the feeling, the excitement and the thrill that extreme sports bring.

Step Ⅲ Explanation

1. Then my mind becomes clear and I concentrate on the way my body moves in the air.

1）concentrate on/upon意為”把……集中在……上，全神貫注于”。

~ (thought/attention...) on/upon集中(思想/注意力…) 于

e.g. We must ~ our attention on efficiency/studies.

concentrate on/upon全神貫注;專心致志于；全力以赴；專心

You must concentrate on what you are doing.

She couldn’t concentrate on a book very long.

n. concentration camp集中營

There is too much noise outside, I can not ___my attention on my work.

A. fill B. connect C. flat D. concentrate

2）the way 作先行詞，后面的定語從句可以由in which或that（也可省略）引導。e.g.

I don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.

The way (that/in which) he answered the questions was surprising.

2. Watching Lin Yong and his friends fly through the air makes you wonder whether the sport is not too dangerous.

1)動詞-ing在句中作主語時，常表示一個泛指的、抽象的動作，謂語動詞常用單數形式。動詞不定式也可以在句中作主語，但多表示具體的、一次性的動作。

e.g. Using the right hand to shake hands is a custom in many countries.

　 To learn a foreign language well is not easy.

2）動詞-ing作主語，常用于It’s no use/good doing... 和There is no doing...句型中。

e.g. It is no good learning without practice. There is no littering about.

3. Delight n. 1. 欣喜,愉快[U]

令…高興的是 to one’s delight 興高采烈/高興地 with delight 以…為樂 take/find delight in

To our delight, our football team won. She ran back home with delight.

2) 樂事,樂趣[C]

He enjoyed the delights of New York’s night life.

vt. 使高興；使愉快

The clown ~ed the audience. I’m delighted that you are back.

We were delighted to read your novel.

Step Ⅳ Homework

Write some sentences to describe people using the adjectives in the exercise books.

The Fifth Period Grammar

Teaching Aims:

1. Review what can be used as subject.

2. Review some important rules about the Subject.

3. Do some exercises about the Grammar item---the Subject.

Teaching Important Points:

1. Master the differences between the infinitive and the v.-ing form used as the Subject.

2. Master the following sentence pattern: It’s no use/good + v.-ing.

3. Pay attention to the Agreement.

Teaching Aids: 1. the multimedia 2. the blackboard

Teaching Procedures:

Step I Grammar Learning

1. What is Subject?

The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something. You can find the subject of a sentence if you can find the verb. Ask the question, “Who or what ‘verb-s’ or ‘verb-ed’?” and the answer to that question is the subject.

e.g. The computers in the Learning Center must be replaced.

The really important issue of the conference, stripped of all other considerations, is the morality of the nation.

2. What can be used as Subject?

Noun, adjective, nonfinite verb, it, nominative personal pronoun and the subject clause and so on.

e.g. The azaleas were in full flower.杜鵑花正怒放

The unemployed usually lead a hard life.

# the differences between the infinitive and the v.-ing form used as the Subject

(1) 動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作；而不定式作主語表示具體動作。

Smoking is prohibited (禁止) here. 這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)

It is not very good for you to smoke so much. 你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。(具體)

(2) 動名詞作主語時，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經驗。

不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting. 爬山很有趣。(經驗)

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring. 在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。(經驗)

(3）不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。

It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

It’s no use waiting here.

Every person has rights under the law, but they don’t always know them. 每個人都有權遵守法律，但他們常常不知道

What we need is more time. When to start is not decided yet.

3. A simple subject can be more than one word, even an entire clause.

e.g. What he had already forgotten about computer repair could fill whole volumes.

4. In English, the subject of a command, order, or suggestion - you, the person being directed is usually left out of the sentence and is said to be the understood subject.

e.g. 1. You step lively there, or I’ll leave you behind!

2. Before assembling the swing set, you read these instructions carefully.

5. For purposes of sentence analysis, the doer or the initiator of action in a sentence is referred to as the agent of the sentence. In an active sentence, the subject is the agent.

e.g. 1. The Johnsons added a double garage to their house.

2. The jury returned a verdict of manslaughter.

6. In a passive sentence, the agent is not the subject. In fact, sometimes a passive sentence will not contain an agent.

e.g. 1. The dean’s report was reviewed by the faculty senate.

2. Three cities in the country’s interior were bombed.

Step II Consolidation

Fill in the blanks using the right forms.

1. - What’s made you so upset?

- ______ ( lose ) the tickets for the concert. ( Losing )

2. It’s no use ______ ( regret ) the past mistakes. ( regretting )

3. The farmer’s _______ ( take ) pity on the snake led to his own death. ( taking )

4. It takes time _______ ( know ) a man. ( to know )

5. When and where _______ ( build ) the factory is not decided yet. ( to build )

6. The old man as well as their children ______ ( like ) swimming. ( likes )

Step Ⅲ Homework

Finish all of the Vocabulary and Grammar exercises and write Exercise 3 in their exercise books.

Unit 2 Crossing Limits

Goals:

Talk about exploring the world

Practise judging situations and making decisions

Review the predicate

Write a persuasive essay

The first period Listening

Teaching goals:

1. Words and expressions: explore, exploration, discover, discovery, face risks, face challenges, modern means, equipment.

2. Enable the students to learn that exploring in the past and present are quite different.

3. Enable the students to learn how to compare the past and present exploring.

Teaching important points:

Enable the students to fully understand the “problem-solution” part in Warming up and Listening materials.

Teaching difficult points:

By training listening strategies of prediction and doing shorthand, enable students to form a good habit of listening.

Teaching methods:

Team work learning and task-based learning.

Teaching aids: A projector and some slides.

Teaching procedures:

StepⅠ Revision

Quiz: Who was the first person that mapped the Indian coast?

Who was the first person that discovered the “New World”?

Why did Abel Tasman sail along the coast of Australia and many islands in the Pacific Ocean?

What was James Cook’s purpose of his voyage?

(Keys: Zheng He; Columbus; Tasman was to answer questions about the nature of the geography of Pacific Ocean regions during the exploration; Cook was chosen by the Royal Society of London to undertake a scientific journey to Tahiti to observe and document the event as the planet Venus passed between the earth and the sun. His secret task was to find new landmasses in the south.)

Step Ⅱ Warming up

Task one: World map exploration

How many continents are there in the world? What are they?

( Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania, North America, South America and Antarctic.)

Task two: Discussion

What were the dangers and challenges that explorers had to face in the past while exploring the world?

(First they had to struggle against big storms, icebergs and great rocks that lie unnoticed in the sea. Second, they may easily get ill without fresh vegetables on board. Third, they had to fight against pirates and unfriendly natives.)

Task three: List words and expressions

Item Words and expressions

Words with the meaning of exploration and discovery Make a discovery, expedition, explore the unknown, exploration

Purposes and experiences in the course of an expedition Do scientific research, map the coast, find a new landmass, discover an island, hit a rock, meet with storms, fight against the natives, land, hide in a harbor.

Transport and communication Set out for, set sail for, on board, by sea, on deck, by flag language, by telephone

Step Ⅲ Pre-listening

Task one: Prediction

Now we are going to hear in interview between a reporter and a professor about exploring in the past and at present. Before listening, please think what kind of questions the reporter will ask and list at least three questions.

(What communicating tools did they use in the past? How did they store enough fresh water? How did they deal with sickness in the course of exploration in the past?)

Task two: Question and answer

What modern means can explorers make use of today?

(send messages by radio; take pictures with advanced cameras in space travel; use robots and other advanced equipment to accomplish some dangerous tasks.)

Step Ⅳ While-listening

Task one: Listen for the first time and fill in the chart.

In the tape you are going to hear the differences of communication and transport used in the past and at present. Listen to the tape and fill in the chart of Exercise 2 on Page 11.

Task two: Do shorthand

Listen to the tape for the second time and fill in the chart below.

Risks in the past

Solutions for modern explorers having no map

Similarities between the past expeditions and trips to Mars

Step Ⅴ Post-listening

Discussion: Exploration means advancement. Meanwhile, explorations are not without dangers and challenges. Work in groups and find out possible solutions to the problems.

situations Exploring an uninhabited island

Going through a cave

Discover a special plant

Possible answers:

Dangers and difficulties Solutions

We may meet big waves on the voyage Prepare a boat strong enough and listen to the weather forecast beforehand.

We may get lost in the island Take a compass and make marks along the way. We may get lost in the island

We may find it difficult to make meals Prepare enough food and fresh water and take some matches.

We may be attacked by the snakes Prepare a safe sleeping bag and some medicines.

Step Ⅵ Listening practice

1. Listen to the tape for the first time and do Exercise 2 on Page 153.

2. Listen to the tape for the second time and do Exercise 3 on Page 153.

Step Ⅶ Homework.

1. Use the following words to make sentences or phrases.

Evaluate , various, make a decision, in the name of, solve the energy problem, be rich in, take possession of, damage, disturb, available.

2. Prepare Speaking.

The second period Speaking

Teaching goals:

1. Key words and phrases: evaluate, various, make a decision, in the name of, solve the energy problem, be rich in, take possession of, damage, disturb, available.

2. Expressions used to express opinions:

From my understanding, I find it possible that… In my opinion, nobody has the right to …

For the sake of …, I believe … In respect for…, we should….

Everything has two sides, but I … By no means should we …

From my point of view …

3. Enable the students to properly express ideas and opinions. Enable the students to collect facts or examples to support their opinions.

4. Teach students to learn how to express their opinions and ideas in daily life.

Teaching important points:

Learn to collect enough information for speaking by brainstorming.

Teaching difficult points:

How to prepare for a debate.

Teaching methods:

Task-based learning; Debating strategy; Co-operative learning.

Teaching aids: A projector and some slides.

Teaching procedures:

StepⅠ Revision

Read and review the words and expressions:

evaluate the situation, various solutions, make a decision, in the name of the Chinese emperor, solve the energy problem, be rich in all kinds of resources, take possession of the land, damage the relic, disturb the sleeping child, everything is available.

Step Ⅱ Lead-in

Task: Get familiar with the topic.

Read the third topic of Speaking on page 11 and find out what is talked about in this situation.

(Can we use Robots to Take the Place of Human Beings?)

Step Ⅲ Language preparation

Task one: Collect information (brainstorming)

Questions:

1. Can robots do all the jobs that human beings can do?

2. Can human beings live like robots on the planet Mars?

3. Why didn’t the scientists of the USA send robots instead of Armstrong and his two co-workers to the moon?

4. What possible dangers will human beings meet on the mars?

5. Is the sacrifice worth doing for the sake of scientific advancement?

6. Are there any space disasters that you have known?

Task two: Present opinions

Work in groups. Each student presents your opinions to the other three. You are required to use the following phrases in the box below.

1. From my understanding, I find it possible that….

2. In my opinion, nobody has the right to….

3. For the sake of …, I believe…

4. In respect for …, we should…

5. Everything has two sides, but I ….

6. By no means should we sacrifice people’s life in the name of science….

Sample: In my opinion, robots should not replace human’s work because of the following reasons. First,…Second,…Third,…

Step Ⅳ Discussion

Task one: Discussion

Work in groups again. The group leader counts the positive and negative opinions in your group. Then the whole group vote to take only one opinion as your group’s opinion.

Task two: Collect information

Work in groups and try to collect enough information for a debate. You had better list as many examples as possible. Students work together as a team to collect enough information for a debate.

Step Ⅴ Debate

Task one: Presentation

Now the whole class will be divided into two large groups. One is to take the positive stand and the other is to take the negative stand. Those who take the positive stand will be in group A. And those who take the negative stand will be in Group B. Each group chooses a representative and a secretary to do shorthand.

Task two: Debate

Two groups debate with each other by using the examples and facts you have collected just now. but each debater has to be brief and come to the point.

Task three: Conclusion

Each group chooses a person to make a conclusion speech.

Step Ⅵ Homework

1. Preview the following words:

curious, wealthy, in exchange for, central position, ambassador, existence, accurate, exist, ripe, command, renew, expedition

2. Read the handout and remember as much background information of Reading as possible.

The Third & Fourth Periods Reading

Teaching goals:

1. Words and expressions:

Curious, wealthy, in exchange for, central position, ambassador, existence, accurate, exist, ripe, command, renew, expedition.

2. Enable the students to know Chinese contribution to world exploration in the 15th century.

3. Develop the students’ ability of basic reading strategies of bottom-up and top-down.

Students will understand the great contribution Zheng He had made to the world, thus they may take these national heroes as example and follow them.

Teaching important points:

the explorers’ great contribution to world trade and economy.

Teaching difficult points:

Guide the students to pick out the main clue of the passage and the development method of the text.

Teaching methods:

team-work learning; task-based learning.

Teaching aids: a projector and some slides.

Teaching procedures:

Step Ⅰ Revision

Check the homework exercises.

Step Ⅱ Lead-in

Task: Know about great explorers

Please look at the quiz and tick true or false after your reading.

1. Zheng He was a great explorer of the Ming Dynasty. His expedition to the Indian Ocean was 87 years later than Columbus’s exploration to the Atlantic Ocean. (F)

2. Zheng He’s purpose of expedition was to make trade and show friendship to other lands while Columbus was to seek treasure. (T)

3. Marco Polo traveled from Italy to China and they stayed in the Ming court for a long time. After that, they wrote stories about their travels in the Far East. Europeans were so inspired by Marco Polo’s accounts that they began searching for sea routes to China, Japan, and the East India. (F)

Step Ⅲ Pre-Reading

Task: Background information input.

Discuss the questions on page 12 and make presentations.

Sa: In the Ming Dynasty, the passage to the west, where now the central Asia stands, was controlled by Mongols. When the Mongols’ court was overrun by the Ming government, the two powers were unfriendly to each other. As a result, it was almost impossible for the merchants or ambassadors to cross the passage to the west.

Sb: Gan Ying, a great explorer and ambassador of the Han Dynasty, took the route of the Silk Road over land to accomplish a mission given by the Han emperor. He reached many countries along the Silk Road, though he was not able to arrive at his estimated destination-Da Qin.

Sc: Zheng He, a national hero, was famous for his seven voyages across the Indian Ocean, which established China’s rule of the sea in 15th century.

Step Ⅳ While-Reading

Task one: Predicting according to the title.

Please look at the title of the reading material and guess who reached out across the ocean. Why did they reach out across the ocean?

Task two: Read the first paragraph and answer the following questions:

1. What formed the foundation of mankind’s interest in exploration?

2. What was Columbus’ purpose of searching for the wealthy Asian lands?

3. Which ocean does “Western Ocean” refer to?

4. Guess who explored the Western Ocean before Columbus?

Task three: Predict the main idea of the whole passage.

( The passage is mainly about the explorers from China and other lands who explored the Indian Ocean before Columbus.)

Task four: Survey

Read paragraph 2 to paragraph 5 and answer the following questions:

1. In the Han Dynasty, who traveled over land to the East Roman Empire?

2. Between the Han and early Tang Dynasty, which part of Africa developed into the world trade center?

3. During the Tang Dynasty which traveler wrote Record of My Travels?

4. Before the Song Dynasty which means of transport did Chinese travelers mainly use?

5. In the eleventh century, who made several voyages to the court of the Song Dynasty?

Task five: Generalize the main idea of each paragraph.

Thesis sentence: Many great explorers made expeditions across the Indian Ocean long before Columbus, among whom Zheng He was the most prominent.

Main idea (before Zheng He) P2

China had contacts with countries along the Indian Ocean from the early time, and during ancient time explorers had begun to contact with each other.

Main idea: (before Zheng He) P3

Between the Han and the early Tang Dynasty, Swahili kingdoms and the islands off the African coast developed into the world trade centre and attracted merchants from the world.

Main idea (before Zheng He) P4

During the Tang Dynasty, Du Huan, who traveled to many lands, wrote the book Record of My Travels.

Main idea (before Zheng He) P5

In the eleventh century, the Africans made several voyages to the court of the Song Dynasty.

Main idea (after Zheng He) P6

By the beginning of the fifteenth century the time was ripe for a grand meeting.

Main idea (after Zheng He) P7

In the years between 1405 and 1433, under the command of Zheng He, seven large treasure fleets sailed westwards on voyages of trade and exploration.

Main idea (after Zheng He) P8

Zheng He renewed relations with the kingdoms of the East African coast.

Main idea (after Zheng He) P9

The fleet made several expeditions before the exploration was stopped.

Step Ⅴ Language points:

The Title:

reach歸納拓展 reach (out) for伸出手/腳去夠…

as far as the eyes can reach就眼力所能及; 極目

within one’s reach = within the reach of sb夠得著

reach out拓展，伸出

Please reach me that book.

Not a single word reached my ears.

He reached out his hand for the knife, but it was too far away.

We must reach out to those in need.

Jim reached for a gun but he was stopped.

Paragraph One:

1. endeavour--an attempt to do something

In spite of our best endeavours, it has proven impossible to contact her.

Crossing the North Pole on foot was an amazing feat of human endeavour.

endeavor--formal to try very hard. They endeavored to change society.

He endeavored to climb the mountain. You must endeavor to do it better.

Please make every endeavor to be early.

2. puzzle vt. sb + be puzzled感到疑惑 sth + be puzzling 令人疑惑

sth + puzzle + sb使…疑惑

What puzzles me is why they didn’t show up.

He looked a little puzzled. His recent behavior puzzles me.

苦思而得出[(+out)]

I could not puzzle out her intentions. We finally puzzled out the meaning of the poem.

vi.感到迷惑[(+at)]

I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now.我對這個問題已冥思苦想了好幾個星期。

苦思,冥思苦想[(+about/over/as to)]

n. (游戲的)猜謎,智力競賽[C] 難題,謎,難以理解之事[S1] 困惑,迷惑[S]

Her decision was a puzzle to him.

I’m in a puzzle as to how to cope with the new situation.

3. search search spl / sb for sth在…尋找… search for sth尋找某物

in search of 尋找;尋求 in (one’s / the) search for…尋找… search sb搜查某人的身體

The police searched the prisoner to see if he had a gun.

I searched shop after shop for my sister’s birthday present.

The parents searched for their lost boy here and there, but they didn’t find him.

I will make a search for your book.

I looked everywhere in search of my glasses.

4. long before, before long (= soon ) long before和狀語,與完成時態連用

long before + n. /從句早在…之前 It be (not) long before 很久之后才/不久就….

before long不久以后,與將來時或過去時連用

There was a lively market long before.

Before long you will understand what I said is good for you.

I had waited him long before he came.

It won’t be long before you see him again.

It was long before they escaped from the cruel prison.

Paragraph Two:

1. find one’s way 設法到達

feel one’s way摸索著走; 謹慎行事 make one’s way fight one’s way打出道路

push one’s way 擠出一條路 lose one’s way迷路 all the way

by the way by way of in a way in no way in the way

I hope you can find the way home. She couldn’t find the way out of the building.

The soldiers fought their way through the fierce enemies.

2. exchange …for … in exchange for exchange … with …

I’d like to exchange five apples for five eggs.

Mary exchanged her seat with Ann.

He is giving her French lessons in exchange for his English lessons

She is giving him English lessons in exchange for his teaching her Chinese.

I gave him a book in exchange for his MP3 player.

I’ve offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a week’s accommodation.(膳宿)

Paragraph Three:

off Keep off the grassland !

cut a piece off the loaf The ship was brown off its course.

Paragraph Four:

1. be taken prisoner被抓:

Someone who is kept in a prison as a legal punishment for a crime or while they are waiting for their trial. Our pilot was taken prisoner .

2. wander ( 常與about /in/ through連用) The children wandered in the woods.

The river wanders through beautiful country.

They wandered up and down the road aimlessly. His mind wandered back to his college life.

Paragraph Six:

1. awareness: 察覺；意識

be aware of …意識到……I was not aware of the fire.

We were quite aware (of) how you would respond to our terms.

He doesn’t seem to be aware of the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal.

2. accurate, correct, exact辨析(inaccurate adj. 不準確的)均含”正確的”意思。

accurate 表示”準確的”,精確的,指”通過努力, 使事情達到正確”, 如:

She gave an accurate account of the accident. 她對事故做了準確的描述。

correct 為一般用語, 指”正確的”, 如:

He gave correct answers to the questions. 他對這些問題提出了正確的答案。

exact 表示”確切的”,”精確無誤的”,指”與事實完全相符”, 如:

His answer is quite exact. 他的回答完全正確。

Paragraph Seven:

command vt., vi.（常與to, that連用）命令；指揮；統率

The officer commanded his men to fire.

He commanded silence. 他命令大家肅靜。

He commanded that everyone make the best of the chance of senior three.

博得；贏得Einstein was really a great man who is able to command everyone’s respect.

掌握；控制；對…有支配權to command oneself控制自己

This island country commands immense natural resources.

俯視；俯臨 That fort commands the whole valley.

n. 命令 command internal（計算機的）內部命令

控制；統率The army is under the king’s command. 軍隊由國王直接統率。

under the command of …在……的領導之下

The army is under the command of General Washington.

Bill is in command of the fleet.

司令部；指揮部；司令官 a high command高級司令官（空軍）大隊

運用能力；掌握 She has a good command of the French language. 她精通法語。

Paragraph Eight:

He sent a message to…, inviting them to send….他發信給…, 邀請他們派…。當表示打電話、寫信、發電報告訴某人做某事時，常用-ing形式表示伴隨。

send a message to sb. 送信

Step Ⅵ Homework

Remember the phrases and expressions in this period by heart.

The fifth Period Integrating Skills

Teaching difficult points:

Generalize the whole passage by picking out key information.

Teaching methods:

Team work learning; Task-based learning.

Teaching aids:

A projector and some slides.

Teaching procedures:

Step Ⅰ Revision

Check homework exercises.

Step Ⅱ Lead-in

What difficulties and dangers will a person face when he climbs Mount Qomolangma?

Step Ⅲ While-Reading

Task one: Predict the content

1. What are needed to conquer Mount Qomolangma?

(necessary equipment and preparations, climber’s skill, courage, strong will and wisdom)

1. What does “going high” mean?

2. What is the passage going to talk about? The pioneers or the third pole?

Task two: Read and check information.

Read the first two paragraphs and answer the 3 questions of Exercise 1 on Page 17.

Task three: Questions and Answers

Read para.3 to para.5 and answer the following questions:

1. Why can the Tibetans live at ease in such extreme conditions?

2. What makes Sherpas the most reliable guides in every attempt to climb Mount Qomolangma?

3. What might have been the possible reasons that made British expeditions fail in 1922 and in 1924?

4. Why could Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay make it to the summit of Mount Qomolangma?

5. How do you understand the sentence “Like winning in the Olympic Games, climbing a mountain such as Mount Qomolangma is a great achievement”?

After the first successful climbing, why did so many people still want to climb Mount Qomolangma?

Step Ⅳ Language Points

Paragraph One:

1.the origins of the world’s major rivers世界上主要河流的源頭

“We cannot escape our origins, however hard we try” (James Baldwin)”無論如何努力，我們也改變不了我們的出身”(詹姆斯鮑德溫)

Many Americans are African by origin.許多美國人是非洲血統。

2. accomplish / complete / finish / achieve

accomplish通常接task, aim, journey, voyage等名詞,指成功完成預期目標;

complete可接建筑、工程、書籍等名詞，指按預期目標把未完成的工作經過進一步的努力使之完成；

finish在許多情況下多與complete換用，但不及complete正式，指完成應做的事，強調事情的了結、終止；

achieve指完成計劃、大業等，多指完成偉大功業。

Paragraph Two:

apart from除……之外(aside from)

All the children like music apart from Bobby.

The writer lives apart from his family.

Apart from being too large, the trousers don’t suit me.

Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.

apart adv. 相隔;相距;除去;分開地

Alice and her husband now live apart.

New York and Tokyo are thousands of miles apart.

They planted the trees three meters apart.

She lives apart from her family.

A few little things apart, the party was a great success.

Paragraph Three:

1. sacred adj.神圣的；與神有關的

Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues are all sacred buildings.宗教的，與宗教有關的sacred writings宗教經典

The Koran is the sacred book of the Muslims.

（常與to連用）神圣不可侵犯的He considered it a sacred duty to fulfill his dead father’s wishes.

嚴肅的；鄭重的；莊嚴的: a sacred promise鄭重的諾言

習慣用法be sacred from免除, 不受 hold sacred尊重, 保護

2. act as guides充當向導 act as 扮演;擔當;充當。后面所接的名詞常可不加冠詞。

A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind man. He acts as manager.

One of his friends acted as go-between.

3. ideal adj.理想的；完美的

This dictionary is ideal - it’s exactly what I needed這本詞典很理想，正是我所需要的。

空想的；想象中的: ideal plans for making money賺錢的空想計劃

n.理想；理想的東西；最終目的: to realize one’s ideal實現最終目的

Paragraph Four:

1. be up against面對，對抗 up against difficulties面臨困難

up against it面臨極大的困難（多指經濟困難）

2. refer to sth /sb as認為某人某物… refer vt., vi. (-rr-)（常與to 連用）查資料；參考

涉及；提到Keats is referring to epic poetry when he mentions Homer’s ‘proud demesne’.

針對；有關: The new law does not refer to farm land. 新法律與耕地無關。

提交；交付: The shop referred the complaint to the manufacturers.商店把投訴轉交給制造商。

refer oneself to依賴, 求助于

refer to提到, 談到, 涉及,參考, 查閱,向...打聽[查詢],認為與...有關, 認為...起源于...

3.run out用盡，用完（= become used up）其主語通常為時間、食物以及金錢等名詞。

His money soon ran out.

run out of用完了，表示主動含義，主語一般是人。

He is always running out of money before pay day.

[注意]run out of還有”從…中流出”之義；run out也表示”流出”，但其后不接賓語。

4. make it做成功，達成; make it to +地點到達某地

Paragraph Five:

1. arise vi. (arose, arisen) 出現，呈現；發生 arise from / out of由…引起（產生）

Some unexpected difficulties / opportunities have arisen.出現了一些意外的困難（機會）。

2. in one’s attempt to do 嘗試做某事 attempt n. vt. 嘗試，企圖；企圖殺害

The prisoner attempted an escape but failed. They attempted a surprise attack.

They attempted to climb Mt Everest. He attempted breaking the world record.

He failed in his attempt to win first prize. They made an attempt on the life of the President.

attempted adj. 未遂的，意圖的

Step Ⅴ Post-Reading

Turn to page 17 and look at Exercise 2. Explain the following phrases and sentences from the text in English.

Step Ⅵ Homework

1. Recite the important sentences.

2. Wb. Exx.

The Sixth Period Grammar

Teaching important points:

Different types of Predicate.

Teaching difficult points:

By reviewing the Predicate, get the students to establish a sense of exactness in using the voices and tenses.

Teaching methods:

Team work learning; Task-based learning; Repetition and practice.

Teaching aids: A projector and some slides.

Teaching procedures:

Step Ⅰ Revision

Check homework exercises.

Step Ⅱ Word study

1. Turn to page 14 and do Exercise one.

2. Turn to page 156 and look at Exercise 4 of Word Study.

Step Ⅲ Grammar Study

Grammar---Predicate

What can be used as Predicate? Verbs: 實義動詞、情態動詞和連系動詞

實義動詞用來描述動作、行為；分為及物動詞與不及物動詞

連系動詞用來表示狀態、性質、特征等等

We parted in 1984 and met again in 1999.（實義動詞）He is a good student.（連系動詞）

These apples look nice.（連系動詞）We can help him with his English. (情態動詞)不能單獨作謂語

2.比較中文　　　　　　　　英文

他現在不會在家的�！� He can’t be home now .

你是位老師嗎？　　　Are you a teacher ?

她喜歡看小說。　　　She likes reading novels.

我要動身去美國。　　I am leaving for the USA.

結論

1）英文的謂語動詞在表達其發生或存在的時間，以及進行的狀態時，有不同的變化形式。

2）謂語動詞表達時間的變化形式與表達動作狀態的變化形式往往是一致的。

一. 時態和語態

1. They raise ducks as a sideline (副業) .一般現在時

2. He got his driving license last month. 一般過去時

3. If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place. 一般將來時

4. She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 過去將來時

5. They are having a football match . 現在進行時

6. When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article. 過去進行時

7. By now, I have collected all the data that I need . 完成現在時

8. The telephone rang no sooner than he had come into the house. 過去完成時

9. I’ve been waiting for you for the whole morning. 現在完成進行時

二. 要注意的幾個問題

1. 每學一種時態，要反復地、認真地去琢磨這種時態的作用及其使用的語言環境。

e.g. He speaks English .（一般現在時，說明動作發生的經常性。）

He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般過去時，說明動作發生的時間。）

He is speaking English.（現在進行時，說明動作正在進行。）

He has learned English for three years since he came to the USA. （現在完成時，這里說明動作的總和。）

He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. （現在完成進行時，強調動作的連性。）

2. 在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的中，如果主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時，那么從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般現在時來表示將來時；如果主句的謂語動詞是過去將來時，那么從句的謂語動詞就只能用一般過去時來表示過去將來時。

e.g. I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.

I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.

3. 在使用現在完成時的句子里，不可以帶有表示具體過去時間的狀語，如：yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副詞連用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。

4. 在以when提問的特殊疑問中不能用現在完成時。另外，ago不能用于現在完成時的句子里，但是可以用before 來表示”以前”的意義.

1)---When did the train leave? ---It left ten minutes ago. 2)I have read this before.

5. 如果是不表示連續性的動詞用于現在完成時的句子，不可以和表示”一段時間”的狀語連用。在這種情況下，應該用”It is… since…”的句式來表達。

He has joined the army for five years. （wrong）

It is five years since he joined the army. （right）

三，被動語態的幾個問題

1. 要想正確地使用被動語態，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。

The accident was happened last week.　 (wrong)　　

The accident happened last week. (right)

2. 主動形式表示被動意義

1)表事物特性 v +adv. (wash, cut, sell, read, wear, write, sell, tear）

The book sells well.　　This knife cuts easily.　 Paper tears easily.

2）I was to blame for the accident.

3) 在need, require, want, be worth 后的動名詞必須用主動形式。

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.

This room needs cleaning.　This book is worth reading.　

四，主謂一致

1. 由or 連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應與靠近它的主語一致。還有either … or … , neither … nor …, not only … but also … 即是就近原則。e. g.

Are you or he to drive ? Was she or you there ?

2. 由兩個名詞由with (together with，along with，as well as, rather than，no less than，but， besides，except )連接時，謂語動詞應與前面的主語一致。e. g.

Nobody but John and Helen was absent. I rather than you, am responsible for the accident.

3. 英語中，一些表示總稱意義的名詞，如：police，people，cattle, 等作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數形式。e. g.

Some people spend a lot of money on clothes. Cattle are raised everywhere by the farmers.

4. 集體名詞作主語時: 指一個整體，謂語用單數;表一個一個的人或整體中的部分成員時，謂語用復數。(class ,club, committee, company, crew, crowd, enemy, army, government, group, party, public, team, family, 等。)

不定代詞或分數，百分數+集體名詞作主語時，常表集體中的部分成員，謂語用復數。

5. 當主語表示時間，重量，距離，價格時，謂語動詞用單數。

Five hundred dollars is quite enough for the return voyage (返航).

Seven kilometers was covered in two hours .

6. 當主語是一個從句，不定式或動名詞時，謂語一般用單數。

Whether he succeeds or fails doesn’t concern me . (他成功或失敗與我無關)

Swimming in the Yangtze River needs great courage.

7. 定語從句的關系代詞在從句中充當主語時，從句的謂語應與先行詞保持一致。

She is the only one of the students who has passed the examination.

They told us something about the houses which were built in the 1540’s / 1540s.

8. 在強調句中，強調主語時，后面的動詞還是由被強調的主語來確定。

I am in the search for my missing gold ring .

其強調句為：It is I who am in the search for my missing gold ring.

Step Ⅳ Exercise:

1. You ___ your father everything, which only upset him.

A. should have told B. should tell C. shouldn’t tell D. shouldn’t have told

2. I ___ to send you the book on writing but there weren’t any copies left in the book store.

A. mean B. was meaning C. had meant D. would mean

3. It is the third time that the student ____ late for school this week.

A. is B. was C. has been D. will be

4. I ___ with a friend in New York just now. I’ll be back next week.

A. stayed B. have stayed C. stay D. am staying

5. By the end of last term, the students ____Oxford English Book III.

A. finished B. had finished C. had been finished D. would finish

6. The plan ____ before it ____.

A. had been talked over; was carried out B. had been talked; was carried

C. was talked over; had been carried out D. talked over; carried out

7. The water___ too hot. Pour in some cold water, please.

A. is felt B. is feeling C. has felt D. feels

8. If the teacher ___kind to the students, they ___ her now.

A. were; wouldn’t hate B. had been; wouldn’t hate

C. were to be ; wouldn’t have hated D. were; wouldn’t have hated

9. My teacher strongly suggested that I ____ to a spare-time school at weekend.

A. ought to go B. had to go C. go D. had better go

10. I would rather you ___ yesterday.

A. had come B. came C. would come D. come