狀語從句的總結(jié)
狀語從句的總結(jié)
狀語從句知識點總結(jié)： 這個where 引導(dǎo)什么從句
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因為復(fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
請看下面的題目，where 是引導(dǎo)什么從句?
When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _________ you have any questions.
A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where
【分析】此題正確答案選D，where 在此意為“在……的地方”，用以引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，全句意為“當(dāng)你讀這本書時，你最好在有問題的地方作一個記號”。但是有的同學(xué)卻根據(jù)試題所提供的選項想當(dāng)然認為這是一道考查定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇與辨析的試題，于是在A、B、C三項中絞盡腦汁，當(dāng)然最終不可能得出正確答案。請做以下試題，看看是考查定語從句還是狀語從句：
(1) She found her wallet _________ she lost it.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
答案選A，where 意為“在……的地方”，引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。
(2) The school was built _________ there had once been a church.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
答案選A，where 意為“在……的地方”，引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。
(3) You should let your children play _________ you can see them.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
答案選A，where 意為“在……的地方”，引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。
(4) Now he works in the factory _________ his father used to work.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
答案選A，where引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示地點。
(5) You should make it a rule to leave things _________ you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
答案選B，where 意為“在……的地方”，引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。
(6) After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _________ he grew up as a child.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
答案選A，where引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示地點。
比較以下兩句，含義大致相同，但where 的用法不同：第一句中 where 引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句，第二句引導(dǎo)的是定語從句：
We’ll go where working conditions are difficult. 我們要去工作條件艱苦的地方。
We’ll go to the place where working conditions are difficult. 我們要去工作條件艱苦的地方。
省略句知識點總結(jié)：談?wù)劆钫Z從句的省略問題
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因為復(fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
為了簡潔起見，有的狀語從句(如時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、方式狀語從句等)有時可省略從句的主語和部分謂語(尤其是當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致，且從句謂語包括有動詞be時)：
She fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework.
他在做作業(yè)時睡著了。
While (he was) doing so, he trembled a little.
他這樣做時稍稍顫抖了一下。
He opened his mouth as if (he was) to speak.
他張開口，好像要說話似的。
Often she would weep when (she was) alone.
她一個人時，常常哭泣。
I’d like to see you whenever (it’s) convenient.
在你方便的時候我想來看看你。
If (you are) traveling north，you must change at Leeds.
如果你是向北行，你必須在里茲換車。
【注】有些由if構(gòu)成的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，已屬固定短語，如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so：
There are few, if any, mistakes in that book.
那本書就是有錯誤也不多。
If necessary, ring me at home.
如果必要，可以打電話到我家找我。
If possible, I wish to go there next summer.
如果可能，我希望明年夏天去。
He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?
他可能很忙，要是這樣，我以后再來拜訪。要是不忙，我現(xiàn)在可以見他嗎?
省略句知識點總結(jié)：分詞作狀語的主要用法
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因為復(fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
1. 表時間
Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 見到貓，老鼠就跑了。
The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。
2. 表原因
Being very weak, she couldn't move. 她由于身體虛弱而不能行動。
His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的車壞了，所以只好走路。
3. 表條件
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 團結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。
Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多給點時間，我們可以做得更好。
Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。
Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它們加起來，我們就可以得到答案。
4. 表讓步
Although living miles away, he attended the course. 雖然住在幾英里以外，他仍去上課。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 雖然被擊敗了，他仍是一個受歡迎的拳擊手。
5. 表方式
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開卡車謀取生。
I'm returning you letter as requested. 我按要求給你退信。
6. 表伴隨
He sat in the chair reading newspapers. 他坐在椅子上看報。
Don't you sit there doing nothing. 別什么也不干坐在那里。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進來，后面跟著他的妻子。
7. 表結(jié)果
He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了，打死了一個過路人。
He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五個兒子。
It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，車輛陷入泥沼，橋梁被水沖去。
省略句知識點總結(jié)：知識點總結(jié)
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因為復(fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
知識點總結(jié)
概念：為了避免重復(fù),常常省略句子中的一個或幾個成分,這樣的句子叫省略句。
1. 簡單句中的省略：
(1)Looks like rain.
(2)Hope to hear from you soon.
(3)Sounds like a good idea.
(4)Beg your pardon.
(5)Feeling better today ?
(6)This way, please.
(7)—What does he want to eat ?
—Some rice and vegetables.
(8)Anything I can do for you ?
(9)Sorry to hear that.
(10)Doesn’t matter.
(11)Terrible weather!
(12)Pity you couldn’t come.
2. 并列句中的省略：
在并列句中，相同的成分如主語，謂語，賓語等都可以省略：
(1)They learn French and we English.
(2)My father planned and built all these houses.
(3)John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
(4)Coral is not a plant buta variety of animal life.
英語語法倒裝句知識點：讓步狀語從句倒裝用法系統(tǒng)歸納
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因為復(fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
有這樣一道考題：
_________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
這道題很有一定難度。具體說來，它主要涉及兩個考點：一是讓步狀語從句倒裝后的詞序問題。讓步狀語從句之所以要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，主要是為了強調(diào)位于句首的名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞等，其詞序形式為：被強調(diào)的成分+as / though + 主語+動詞。二是在倒裝的讓步狀語從句中，位于句首的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是否帶冠詞的問題。按照英語習(xí)慣，英語中的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞在泛指時，一般要有不定冠詞的修飾，但是位于倒裝讓步狀語從句句首的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是個例外，即使泛指其前也不加不定冠詞。由此可知，上面這道考題的答案應(yīng)為B。
為了幫助大家全面掌握讓步狀語從句的倒裝用法，本文將這類語法現(xiàn)象歸納為以下五種句型：
一、名詞+as / though+主語+動詞
King as he was, he was unhappy. 他雖是國王，但他并不幸福。
Child as he is, he knows to help other. 他雖是個孩子，但卻知道幫助別人。
Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything. 他雖然是老師，但也不可能什么都懂。
【說明】其中的動詞通常為連系動詞，也就是說位于句首的名詞是其后連系動詞的表語。另外，要特別注意位于句首的名詞前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞，即使其前有形容詞修飾也不用冠詞。比較：
Boy as [though] he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though [Although] he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他雖是男孩，卻喜歡與女孩子玩。
Strong man as [though] he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though [Although] he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波賽將軍雖然堅強，但在過去的數(shù)周里也受到了嚴峻的考驗。
二、形容詞+as / though+主語+動詞
Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖然成功，但不驕傲。
Improbable as it seems, it’s true. 雖然看起來不太可能，但卻是真的。
Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 盡管聽起來很愚蠢，我是如此愛她竟然相信了她的話。
Patient as he was，he didn’t like waiting that long. 他雖說有耐心，也不愿等這么長。
Beautiful though the necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 那條項鏈雖然很漂亮，我們認為價錢太高。
【說明】其中的動詞也通常為連系動詞，也就是說位于句首的形容詞是其后連系動詞的表語。
三、副詞+as / though+主語+動詞
Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 盡管我喜歡巴黎，但我不能住在那里。
Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 盡管他們做了很大努力，卻沒法讓她改變主意。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days. 盡管你讀得很快，你總不能在兩天之內(nèi)就讀完這本書。
He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 盡管他做了努力，卻未能取得很大進步。
Heavily as it is raining, the football game has been decided not to be put off. 盡管雨下得很大，但還是決定不推遲足球比賽。
【說明】有的詞典將much as 作為習(xí)語看待，認為它是一個用以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的復(fù)合連詞。再如：
Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作為一名作家我很佩服他，但我卻不喜歡他這個人。
Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我盡管很喜歡你, 卻不能和你在一起生活。
四、動詞原形+as / though+主語+動詞
Object as you may, I’ll go. 縱使你反對，我也要去。
Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 盡管他想方設(shè)法，卻未解決這個問題。
Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 無論怎樣搜查，他們在房子里仍然沒有找到一個人。
Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 盡管我們不喜歡他，但必須承認他的偉大。
Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 錢雖然丟了，我們卻得到了許多經(jīng)驗。
Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 盡管落選了，但他卻以其反對奴隸制的激烈演說而出了名。
【說明】主語后的動詞通常為may, might, would, did 等情態(tài)動詞或助動詞(若表示情態(tài)意義，則選用情態(tài)動詞;若陳述事實，則用did, do 等助動詞)。
五、分詞+as / though+主語+動詞
Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 雖然正在下著大雨，我還是要出去散步。
Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 雖然我們被敵人包圍著，但我們還是設(shè)法前進了。
Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all John’s movements. 他盡管在一個勁地嚼著蘋果，但仍警惕著約翰的一舉一動。
【三條補充說明】
1. 這類倒裝的讓步狀語從句可用as, though 來引導(dǎo)，但不能用although來引導(dǎo);但是，未倒裝的讓步狀語從句則可用though, although來引導(dǎo)，而不能用as來引導(dǎo)。也就是說，although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時不能倒裝，as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時必須倒裝，而though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。如：
雖然很晚了，但我們還是繼續(xù)工作。
正：Late as [though] it was, we still went on working.
正：Though [Although] it was late, we still went on working.
誤：Late although it was, we still went on working.
誤：As it was late, we still went on working.
2. 上面提到的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)有時也可用來表示原因，區(qū)別的辦法主要看句子的內(nèi)容：讓步從句的內(nèi)容大多數(shù)與主句在意義上相反，而原因從句則與主句之間有因果關(guān)系。比較：
Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night. 昨晚他雖然很疲倦了，但還是學(xué)習(xí)到很晚才睡。(表讓步)
Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因為很累，所以他睡得很早。(表原因)
Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他雖年輕，卻能勝任這項工作。(表讓步)
Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. 他因為年輕，所以不能勝任這項工作。(表原因)
3. 在美國英語中，人們通常用as…as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：
Cold as it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out. 盡管天氣冷，我們還是出去了。
Successful as he is, he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖成功了，但不驕傲。
英語語法倒裝句知識點：as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時的倒裝
【導(dǎo)語】英語語法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，因為復(fù)雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，希望對同學(xué)們的英語語法學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。更多內(nèi)容盡在。
as作“雖然”解，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，必須將表語、狀語或動詞原形提到as前面。
此時應(yīng)注意幾點：一是若提前的表語是沒有形容詞修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，要省略不定冠詞;二是若提前的是動詞原形(多為不及物動詞)，與之連用的通常是may, might, will, would等，且這些詞都要保留在原來的位置上(主語后);三是though有時也可像as這樣使作倒裝。如：
Tired as I was, I tried to help them.
雖然我很累，我還是努力幫助他們。
Try as he would, he couldn’t open the door.
他試過多次了, 卻仍打不開那門。
Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house.
無論怎樣搜查，他們在房子里仍然沒有找到一個人。
Hard as (though) they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind.
盡管他們做了很大努力，卻沒法讓她改變主意。
Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl.
他雖是個男孩，但舉止卻像個女孩。
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